Understanding the Strengths of Corporate Social Responsibility The Case of Coca Cola

Introduction The issue of corporate social responsibility (CSR), manifested as a firm’s caring endeavours for its workers, stakeholders and the environment, is of momentous value for academics and contemporary business practitioners (Delios, 2010).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Understanding the Strengths of Corporate Social Responsibility: The Case of Coca Cola specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Prevalent external observations that a firm continually engages in socially irresponsible practices often bring undesirable ramifications for the firm in question, since external literature demonstrates that an entity’s success – indeed its survival in the harshly competitive business environment – largely depends on satisfying normative demands and expectations arising from the environment (Lange Washburn, 2012). When organisational action on social and environmental domains seems ethically untenable to the standards set by stakeholders and other constituents, the firm not only risks losing key members of staff and potential employees, but also its outside endorsement, reputation and support, as well as its customers and investors (Raman, 2007). T hrough highlighting Coca Cola’s CSR initiatives, the present paper purposes to demonstrate that social responsibility, rather than economic conquest, provides the needed impetus for modern-day organisations to reach the pinnacle of business success. Coca Cola: Precursors to its Social Responsibility Initiatives With a huge and sustained presence in thousands of communities across more than 200 countries worldwide, Coca Cola, headquartered in Atlanta, is undoubtedly the world’s largest multinational corporation interested in the soft drinks and beverage industry (Madhavan, 2012). In 2010, the corporation was ranked in the 70th position by Fortune 500, with sales revenue of $35,119 million and profits of $11,809 m illion (CNNMoney, 2012). The company has a labour force of 71,000 employees, with 83 percent of them working in other countries outside the United States (Dorfman et al., 2012). Despite Coca Cola’s huge presence and attractive profits, it can be argued with near certainty that the journey to financial independence and world dominance has not been rosy, especially prior to the corporation’s realization of the importance of incorporating social responsibility initiatives into its business processes.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Extant literature demonstrate that the global soft drinks giant has come under attack in various countries including the United States, Columbia, Guatemala, Zimbabwe and the Philippines for engaging in socially irresponsible actions, such as discriminating against black employees, poor working conditions for migrant workers, as well as the assassinations of trade union officials and union-affiliated employees (Raman, 2007). In India, for instance, Coca Cola’s operations were halted in the 1980’s after it became apparent that the company was engaged in thoughtless ecological degradation that laid the land to waste, not mentioning that the poisonous content of the soft drinks received sustained condemnation from villagers, non-governmental organisations and trade activists (Madhavan, 2012). The corporation was only able to resume operations in the country in 1991 after it demonstrated a sustained imperative to care for society. Recently, Coca Cola has been on the spotlight because its sugary beverages and soft drinks have been implicated in the global obesity crisis (Dorfman et al., 2012). Coca Cola: Strengths of Corporate Social Responsibility Coca Cola has been able to rise above the challenges presented above through the employment of elaborate, expensive, multinational CSR initiatives (Dorfman et a l., 2012). Extant literature demonstrates that CSR â€Å"†¦ensures that a company does business in an ethical manner and is accountable for the social and environmental impacts that the business creates for the society† (Madhavan, 2012, p. 94). Through CSR initiatives such as â€Å"Live Positively†, Coca Cola now sees its sustainability initiatives first and foremost as the right thing to do in a world where populations are growing rapidly, natural resources are stressed beyond limits, societies are increasingly forced to do more with less, and consumer demands and expectations are expanding beyond the reach of most companies (Dorfman et al., 2012). If these assertions are analyzed using the cost-benefit lens, it becomes obvious that sustainability efforts, rather than the pursuit of financial success, is core to the business continuity of Coca Cola since business and financial success can only be sustainable if the people and communities interacting with the corp oration are sustainable and enriched along the way. Coca Cola’s past mistakes in countries such as India and the Philippines, as well as the resulting consequences in diminished revenues and tarnished reputation (Raman, 2007), amicably demonstrate that organisations that act in a socially irresponsible manner not only find it challenging to attract key staff, customers and investors, but also risk arming competitors with deadly arsenal that could be used against them in competition (Lange Washburn, 2012).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Understanding the Strengths of Corporate Social Responsibility: The Case of Coca Cola specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The corporation’s counter-normative overtures in India, for instance, led to undesirable consequences in the form of â€Å"†¦lawsuits, financial losses through settlements and sales declines, increases in the cost of capital, market share det erioration, network partner loss, and other costs associated with negative reputation† (Large Washburn, 2012, p. 300). All these consequences bear a financial underpinning because an organisation cannot purport to be profitable if it loses its key members of staff and customers, or if its market share become obsolete as was the case of Coca Cola in India during the decade of the 1980s. It therefore follows that CSR initiatives, rather than profit concerns, should be the cornerstone for business success and prosperity. Today, more than ever, it is common knowledge that CSR initiatives â€Å"†¦can boost a firm’s bottom line both directly through sales and indirectly by moderating the risk for regulation and improving the overall business climate† (Dorfman et al., 2012, p. 2). This assertion, more than anything else, attempts to demonstrate that CSR initiatives can indeed be used to trigger organisational performance and competitiveness, with the view to accum ulate more profits for the firm as well as its shareholders. However, a firm’s financial success cannot be used as a measuring stick for engaging in CSR activities. A case in point is the Coca Cola’s â€Å"Live Positively† CSR campaign, which is embedded in the firm’s commitment to trigger a positive difference in the world through focusing in critical spheres of Marketplace, Workplace, Society, and Environment (Banerjee, 2010). The â€Å"Live Positively† campaign has not only provided tips for the corporation’s consumers to live active lifestyles and protect the environment, but continues to support charitable projects in underserved communities, with the view to encourage healthy living (Dorfman et al., 2012). It is needless to say that this campaign has shielded the company from accusations of causing or fuelling obesity among the youth. However, the implication for practice is premised on the fact that the campaign has enabled Coca Cola to drive its profits and market share, and not vice versa.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Another important point, which is intrinsically related to the previous one, is that CSR initiatives help organisations to direct the responsibility for any undesirable consequences from the corporations onto its direct as well as indirect consumers (Large Washburn, 2012). Critics may counter this argument by saying that it is ethically inappropriate to do that, but the bottom-line is always premised on image and reputation protection. As postulated by Raman (2007), no organisation can afford to remain profitable when its reputation is at stake, and thus all attempts must be made to ensure that the image and reputation are shielded. In the Coca Cola’s case, academics and mainstream commentators have argued that the â€Å"Live Positively† campaign is only a mere tactic that is used by the soft drinks giant to redirect the responsibility for health outcomes from the firm onto its customers, â€Å"†¦and externalize the negative effects of increased obesity to the p ublic† (Dorfman et al., 2012, p. 3). This argument may be true depending on the context of analysis; however, the bottom-line as per the requirements of this essay is that Coca Cola has been successful in using the CSR campaign to demonstrate that consumer’s bad lifestyle habits, rather than the firm’s sugary soft drinks, are to blame for the increased cases of obesity. This way, the company is able to maintain its market share and, by extension, drive profitability and competitiveness. Conclusion The arguments used in this paper have demonstrated that CSR initiatives, rather than economic or financial conquest, provide the needed impetus for contemporary firms to reach the pinnacle of business success. The major implication is that firms must always have in place comprehensive CSR policies and strategies if they expect to spur economic and financial success. Of course profitability and performance are important constructs for shareholders since a firm’s e xistence can only be justified if it is able to provide financial returns to its owners (Gilbert et al., 2011), but the present paper provides useful insights on how firms can go about strengthening their profit margins by first reinforcing CSR initiatives. Coca Cola has been able to maintain a huge global presence and an attractive revenue base by following this orientation. References Banerjee, S.B. (2010). Governing the global corporation: A critical perspective. Business Ethics Quarterly, 20(2), 265-274. CNNMoney. (2012). Retrieved from https://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune500/2011/snapshots/100.html Delios, A. (2010). How can Organisations be competitive but dare to care? Academy of Management Perspectives, 24(3), 25-36. Dorfman, L., Cheyne, A., Friedman, L.C., Wadud, A., Gottlieb, M. (2012). Soda and tobacco industry corporate social responsibility campaigns: How do they compare? PLoS Medicine, 9(6), 1.7. Gilbert, D.U., Rasche, A., Waddock, S. (2011). Accountabilit y in a global economy: The emergence of international accountability standards. Business Ethics Quarterly, 21(1), 23-44. Lange, D., Washburn, N.T. (2012). Understanding attributions of corporate social irresponsibility. Academy of Management Review, 37(2), 300-326. Madhavan, A. (2012). CSR at Coca Cola. Vikalpa: The Journal for Decision Makers, 37(2), 94-98. Raman, K.R. (2007). Community-Coca-Cola interface: Political-anthropological concerns on corporate social responsibility. Social Analysis, 51(3), 103-120. This essay on Understanding the Strengths of Corporate Social Responsibility: The Case of Coca Cola was written and submitted by user Kat Farrell to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The eNotes Blog Coverflip How Book Covers Differ by AuthorsGender

Coverflip How Book Covers Differ by AuthorsGender Author Maureen Johnson has had enough of gendered book covers. Just what is she talking about? Well, shes talking about books that look like this: Versus this: And yes, that is the same book in each picture. The first is what ended up in print, while the second imagines how the cover might have looked had the book written been by a man. Why the difference? Johnson gives a little insight into the sometimes unfair world of book publishing and marketing: The simple fact of the matter is, if you are a female author, you are much more likely to get the package that suggests the book is of a lower perceived quality. Because it’s â€Å"girly,† which is somehow inherentl  different and easier on the palate. A man and a woman can write books about the same subject matter, at the same level of quality,  and that woman is simple more likely to get the soft-sell cover with the warm glow and the feeling of smooth jazz blowing off of it. Think about it: have you ever seen a male author with a cover like the first one above? And before anybody reasons that female writers books look the way they do because they are specifically marketed towards women, I urge you to have a think on how condescending that sounds to women, and insulting to men who like books about and by women. (And I would also like to note that our own managing editor, a man, has read Bridget Jones Diary more times than probably any of you. So there.) Spurred by a plethora of notes from men asking her for less girly covers so that they could read her books, and endless frustrations with book publishers who give authors zero to no say in the final book cover (and sometimes in the final title), Johnson posed a challenge to her Twitter followers: take a book by an author of either gender and imagine it was written by the other. She received hundreds of picture responses within the first 24 hours. Heres an interesting sample: You can see more at Johnsons Huffington Post article and Twitter, if not for the coverflip images then for the amusing way Johnson is able to bang her head on a desk and deftly shame critics in one fell swoop. Interesting experiment, right? And somewhat of a sad look into the gender inequality in both book publishing and our society. Its worse than you thought it was. So, what book covers do you imagine looking different with an author of the opposite gender? And does a girly cover make you less likely to pick up that book? As always, wed love to hear your thoughts.

Daniel Harold Rolling, the Gainesville Ripper

Daniel Harold Rolling, the Gainesville Ripper Daniel Harold Rolling, also known as the Gainesville Ripper, murdered five University of Florida students in the summer of 1990. The killings terrified residents of the otherwise sleepy Southern college town and became front-page news for days on end.  After being apprehended, Rolling would be linked to three more deaths in Louisiana and would remain a figure of media curiosity until he was executed in 2006. Early Life Rolling was born on May 26, 1954, in Shreveport, La., to James and Claudia Rolling. It was an unhappy home life, Rolling would later say. His father, a Shreveport police officer, abused him from an early age, both verbally and physically. As a teen, Rolling was a poor student and worked only sporadically. He was also arrested several times for burglary. Apart from these details, little is known of Rollings early life before the murders. One incident, however, stands out. During a heated argument with his father in May of 1990, Rolling brandished a gun and shot the older man. Rolling fled. His father lost an eye and an ear but survived. Death in Gainesville The first murder took place on Aug. 24, 1990. Rolling broke into the apartment of college students Sonja Larson, 18, and  Christina Powell, 17. Both girls were asleep. He attacked Sonja first, who was asleep in her upstairs bedroom. First, he stabbed her chest, then taped her mouth, then as she struggled for her life, he stabbed her to death. He then went back downstairs and taped Christinas mouth and bound her wrists behind her back. He then cut off her clothing, raped her and stabbed her multiple times in the back, causing her death. Deciding that he wanted to leave some kind signature, he then mutilated the bodies and posed them in sexually suggestive positions and left. The next night Rolling broke into the apartment of Christa Hoyt, 18, but she was not at home. He decided to wait for her and made himself at home. When she arrived mid-morning, he crept up behind her, startling her, then attacked her, placing her in a choke-hold. After that, he taped her mouth, bound her wrists and forced her into her bedroom, where he removed her clothing, raped her, then stabbed her in the back multiple times causing her death. Then, as a way to make the scene more horrific, he sliced open her body, cut off her head and removed her nipples. When authorities arrived, they found Christas head on a bookshelf, her torso bent at the waist, on the bed and the nipples placed next to the torso. On Aug. 27, Rolling broke into the apartment of Tracy Paules and Manny Taboada, both 23. Powerfully built, Taboada was asleep in his bedroom when Rolling attacked and killed him. Hearing a struggle, Paules hurried to her roommates room. Seeing Rolling, she bolted back to her room, but he pursued her. Like his other victims, Rolling bound Paules, removed her clothing, raped her, then stabbed her in the back multiple times. Sometime later, the apartment complexs maintenance man showed up for an appointment. When no one answered at Paules and Taboadas unit, he let himself in. The sight that greeted him was so horrible that he turned and left immediately, then rushed to call the police. He later described to the police that he saw Tracys bloodied body on a towel in the hallway, with a black bag placed near the body. When police arrived five minutes later, the door was found unlocked and the bag was gone. The news media was quick to cover the murders, dubbing the killer The Gainesville Ripper. It was the beginning of the semester and thousands of students left Gainseville out fear. By Sept. 7, when Rolling was arrested in nearby Ocala on an unrelated supermarket robbery charge, the Ripper was on the front page of every newspaper. Rollings whereabouts between the time of the last murders and his arrest are only partially known. During a subsequent search of a wooded Gainesville encampment where Rolling had been living, police found evidence tying him to a recent bank robbery. They also found evidence that later would be linked to the Gainesville killings.   TheWrong Suspect The investigation into murders of the five college students led to one of seven main suspects. Edward Humphrey was 18 years old and diagnosed with bipolar disorder. During the same time that the students were murdered, Humphrey was suffering from a bipolar flareup after skipping his medication which resulted in aggressive behavior and violent outbursts. Humphrey had been living in the same apartment complex as Tracy and Manny, but he was asked to leave by the apartment manager after fighting with his roommates. He also harassed people living in the apartment complex across the street. Other similar incidents of Humphreys combative nature surfaced and investigators decided to put a surveillance team on him. On Oct. 30, 1990, he had an argument with his grandmother that grew into a physical altercation with him striking her one time. This was a gift to the police. They arrested Humphrey and had his  bail set at $1 million, even though his grandmother had dropped all charges the same day and it was his first offense. At trial, Humphrey was found guilty of assault and was sentenced to 22 months in Chattahoochee State Hospital, where he would remain until Sept. 18, 1991, when he was released. There was never any evidence found that Humphrey had anything to do with the murder. The investigation was back to square one. Confession, Trial, and Execution Rolling stood trial in early 1991 for the Ocala robbery and was convicted. He was later convicted of three burglaries committed in Tampa shortly after the Gainesville killings had occurred. Facing life in prison, Rolling confessed to the string of murders, later corroborated by DNA evidence. In June of 1992, he was officially charged.   While awaiting trial, Rolling began exhibiting odd behavior that would eventually lead to a diagnosis of mental illness. Using a fellow inmate as an intermediary, Rolling told authorities that he had multiple personalities, which he blamed for the Gainesville killings. Rolling also alluded to the unsolved 1989 murders in Shreveport of William Grissom, 55, his daughter Julie, 24, and his 8-year-old grandson Sean.   On Feb. 15, 1994, just weeks before Rollings trial for the Gainesville murders was set to begin, he  told his lawyer that he wanted to plead guilty. His lawyer warned against it, but Rolling was determined, saying he did not want to sit there while the pictures of the crime scene were shown to the jury. Rolling was sentenced to death in March and executed on Oct. 25, 2006.   Sources Cochrane, Emily, and McPherson, Jordan. All is Well: Gainesville Murder Victims Remembered After 25 Years. Alligator.org. 28 August 2015.Dean, Michelle. The True Story Behind the Horrific Murder Spree That Inspired Scream. Complex.com. 20 December 2016.Goodnough, Abby. Killer of 5 Florida Students Is Executed. NYTimes.com. 26 October 2006.Schweers, Jeff. Gainesville Student Murders: 25 Years Later. Gainesville.com. 24 August 2017.

Evaluation of the effectiveness of the performance appraisal system at Research Proposal - 1

Evaluation of the effectiveness of the performance appraisal system at the bank - Research Proposal Example 89). Because of this, measuring the input of the employees using informal judgment is not only difficult, but also susceptible to errors. In addition, the early system of appraisal exposed supervisors to corruptible practices such as making biased recommendations. The organization is incapable of tapping desirable talents using ineffective appraisal system. A good appraisal system should enable the organization to track the activities of the employees and allow them to account for their input in the organization. This research explores the performance appraisal system used in the bank, its authenticity, weakness, and strength. Effective human resource management is pivotal to organizational success. The tool used by the management to identify the quality or work input of every employee affects performance (Showkat 2013, p. 69). The need to create effective performance appraisal stems from the need to manage the affairs of the bank effectively. In the absence of effective tool for evaluating employees’ performance, the bank would not able to realise effective management. Thus, for effective organization management, the bank must adopt performance appraisal system that is capable of giving accurate measurement of employees’ input. Showkat (2013) defined performance appraisal as organized or formal method used in distinguishing between effective workers and the less effective ones as well as discriminate among the desirable and undesirable character traits of these workers. Measurement of the employees input give the organization a chance to build employees talent or seek another employee that is capable of meeting employer’s goals. In addition, the organization develops informed opinion about the employee by referring to performance appraisal. According to Harvard Business School (2013, p.127), the basic assumption that drives the need to

Operations and Logistics Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4750 words

Operations and Logistics Management - Essay Example Supply chain gap analysis is explained in the essay to analyse the problems faced by Tesco regarding SCM. The operational issues and the business functions of Tesco are evaluated throughout the essay with regard to supply chain. It has been consequently observed from the essay that the effectiveness of the business largely depends on a strong SCM along with the productive relationship amid the partners. The businesses around the world are inclined towards strengthening their supply chain management (SCM) in order to attain greater competitive traction. Supply chain is the cohesive activity that brings not only the product in the market place but also generates satisfied customers. SCM domain covers a wide range of activities in the functional area. In other words, SCM includes all the activities that are associated from the procurement of the raw materials to the production and transportation of the finished good to the end customer. The business in order to be effective and successful in the marketplace uses the SCM model to eliminate the wastage of time and effort with the aim to deliver he finished goods in timely manner to the end customers. The major assumption behind incorporation of SCM model is based on the belief that the sooner the products reach the customer the sales of the business will increase. The supply chain includes various channels such as the manufacturing, ope rational, transportation, warehousing and then physical distribution of the products. Supply chain is established by the company to create value for the stakeholders by providing required value to customer in the right time at the right place. In this regard, it can be stated that Tesco is effective in the market with wide customer base due to its low price products which has materialised primarily owing to its strong SCM (Beamon, 1998). Tesco Plc is one of the leading global retailers with various retail stores serving millions of

Eden Robinsons Monkey Beach

Eden Robinsons Monkey Beach Gothic literature began due to the Romanticism movement, which became popular during the late 18th and 19th centuries. The word Gothic refers to An architectural style in Northern Europe from early 12th century to 16th, and, as Gothic revival, in 19th century. Thence it is applied to literature and religion to denote the opaquely mysterious and grotesque. (John Bowker) Characters within gothic genre novels typically have their world distorted in some way. Lisamaries world becomes warped when she is encountered with the disappearance of Jimmy, which influences her to reflect on the past relationship that she once had with her younger brother. Eden Robinson embarks the reader into a world of mystery instantly when she writes Six crows sit in our greengage tree. Half-awake, I hear them speak to me in Haisla. Laes, they say Laes, lses.(Eden Robinson) Instead of including a description of the setting to the reader at the introduction of the novel, the author wants us to understand the ambiguity behind the story. Shortly into the story Lisamarie discovers that her younger brother, Jimmy has gone missing on a fishing trip. Distraught of their sons disappearance, Lisas parents decided to be closer to the search so they embark on a journey to Namu. The night before the Queen of the North disappeared, Lisa had a dream that she saw Jimmy at Monkey Beach. Monkey Beach quickly became Jimmys favorite place to escape to when he was a kid. He enjoyed hearing stories that his dad, Ba-ba-oo, told to him about the Bgwus which is a sasquatch that inhabits Monkey Beach. Ba-ba-oo would often embellish the story of the Bgwus and Ma-ma-oo would become irritated saying Youre telling it wrong.(Eden Robinson)The author establishes an environment where storys are exaggerated and told in partial truths. While on a trip to Monkey Beach, Jimmy tries to find this mythical creature with no avail. This adventure to Monkey Beach sparked an interest in Jimmy. The mysterious disappearance of Jimmy is a main theme during the story. While the story continues with the search for Jimmy, the narrator provides the reader with flashbacks to the childhood of both Lisa and Jimmy. During these flashbacks we come to understand the strong bond that is forged between brother and sister. One familiar theme of gothic genre is death. Eden Robinson presents this gothic theme in several ways in which she leaves the reader with the mystery of Jimmys death during the story and also feeds the readers desire for death by revealing that of Micks and Ma-ma-oo. Mick was a rebellious character whom Lisa was frightened at first of his persona. Lisa would later become fond of her uncle and earn the name little monster. On a fishing trip Lisa discovers that Mick and her mom has once dated before she meet Albert. While on the fishing trip tragedy strikes and Mick is killed in a fishing accident where he was partially eaten by seals. Lisas grandmother suffers a misfortune when her house catches fire and unable to escape Ma-ma-oo dies in the house fire. Ma-ma-oo was always affectionate and caring to Lisa, so in her inheritance she leaves Lisa with 200,000 dollars. Ghosts and the supernatural are both elements that amplify the horror of a gothic genre. Eden Robinson provides Lisa with a gift, which is an ability to see ghosts. Lisa is haunted by the apparition of a little man whom always appears to Lisa before something bad is about to happen. The sasquatch or Bgwus, was a creature that haunted Monkey Beach and gave the island a bit of ambiguity. The elements of Gothic genre are spread throughout Eden Robinsons Monkey Beach, which aid the reader in understanding a doom and gloom atmosphere in the story. JOHN BOWKER. Gothic. The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions. 1997. Encyclopedia.com. 19 Oct. 2010.

Narrative essay on African American people

The issue on African-American exemplifies the problem on racism / racial discrimination. Among the whites, the African-American class comprises the minority group in United States of America. In history, the Civil War was caused by disagreement of Confederates States of America to free African-American slaves. The fear to African-Americans excluded them in military. After the Civil War, the slavery of African-American people was still prevalent. African-American people were still treated as slaves, they do not have equal right as the whites, and abused by the larger groups in almost all American societies. (Until today) Although laws pertaining for equal rights to all citizens of America were instigated, racial discrimination is implied / seen in United States (Franklin, J. H. and A. A. Moss, Jr., http://www.randomhouse.com/acmart/catalog/display.pperl?isbn=9780375406713). Education The effect of racial discrimination causes separation / segregation in schools in the south and in the north of America. In United States, two worlds were created between the white society and black community. The culture, customs, practices, beliefs between the two races can not meet / come across. The American-Africans were excluded in the mainstream of American societies. Conversely, there were cases where African-Americans were not allowed to be educated. Bylaws of the society issue a criminal case to any educating African-American (before). Unequal education between the whites and American-Africans arises. The public schools issue racial discrimination over American-Africans. In any cases, American-Africans were given little attention when it comes to consultation (between black students and teachers), resources (books and school supplies), and concerns of teachers. Despite of the separation between the whites and American-Africans education, American-Africans focus on the church as center in their educational and political living. Today, the bilingual education helps American-Africans to respect their own culture, tradition, beliefs, and customs. American-Africans do have equal rights to the system they wanted to be educated. The bilingual education enhances the student’s capability in studying since American-Africans can educate in their own languages / lingo. Community The community easily identifies slaves with regards to the appearance, color, and language of African-Americans. Early in the history, African-Americans were castigated since they were in greater supply. Specifically, women were abused, they were treated as animals, and sex slavery was abundant in United States. The African-Americans children were automatically become slaves. The whites implemented laws prohibiting African-Americans to owned guns, create business, and possess equal rights to the community. The African-Americans comprises a portion in the community. These people are inapt in American societies. The whites feel superior, dominance, authority to the black community. In a particular community in United States, the whites prefer to favor the whites instead of an African-American. A whites tend to gives more importance to a white person rather than help a poor African-American. In any community, a dominant class would be authoritative, racist, abused the minority. It is actually natural / normal to any community / nation / society. In a white’s perspective, they hated blacks. They think that blacks were criminals, without education, and belong to lower classes of the society. The white community discriminates those blacks. In any situations, the hospital gives first priority to a white patient, a (white) employer gives favor to a white applicant, and the white community would only hear a white’s complaint. Family Slavery causes division / separation of African-American families. Because the blacks were given a monetary value, they were forced to work as slaves. Unfair employment was given to the African-Americans. The society looks at an African-American family inferior to the social order of United States. Society The society directs to how its environment will works. Through the globe, slave trade is seen between two (strong) nations. Muslims were able to exchange African slaves. In the societal scheme of the whites, they enslaved African-Americans. The whites were able to utilized African-Americans in their farms, and other business works (Franklin, J. H. and A. A. Moss, Jr., http://www.randomhouse.com/acmart/catalog/display.pperl?isbn=9780375406713). Nevertheless, the whites gave the African-Americans low degree of employment (blue-collar job). The whites worry to the destabilization in their economic expansion and hierarchy. African-Americans were the ones involved in harvesting crops, security, peon, and soiled works. The slave trade in United States produced tobacco, cotton, and sugar. In the last 100 years, the high mortality rate and abused of African-Americans open an opportunity for a social change. Although there are free African-Americans, they were controlled in the society. In history, slaves purchased their own freedom. In the political system of the United States, African-Americans could vote. They were not given the right to take part in the election since they were included in the lower classes. Threats exist to exclude African-African from voting. As much as they couldn’t do businesses, they also prohibited to own any property. The whites wanted to contain and continue supremacy over African-Americans. No African-Americans can complaint to any crimes done by the whites. In the movie Crash, there was an incident where an African-American woman was molested by a cop (white), her husband wasn’t able to charge a court case since he was an African-American. Miscegenation (interracial marriage) was not allowed by the society. Such cases would issue a lawsuit and incarceration of any African-American. The society enforced segregation on hotels, buses (transportation), theaters, and restaurants between the whites and African-Americans. The society does not recognize talents, music, intelligence, and capability of blacks. Summary In any develop nation, two races creates a chaotic situation of education, community, culture, customs, and beliefs. Abused and mistreatment of the minority groups is prevalent in these societies. African-Americans suffer from racial discrimination; unemployment, inability to take part in the elections, isolation of education, and abused on the rights of African-Americans as a citizen of the United States. Until today, African-Americans were given the right to vote, fair employment, inclusion in military forces, and given important position in the government. People can’t do away with the differences in appearances, culture, and beliefs, but, people can meet halfway in order to attain equality. Work Cited Franklin, J. H. and A. A. Moss, Jr. From Slavery to Freedom A History of African Americans (8th Edition). Random House, Inc. 2004. URL http://www.randomhouse.com/acmart/catalog/display.pperl?isbn=9780375406713. Retrieved October 4, 2007.