Anthem and Farenheit 451 Essay

Fahrenheit 451 and Anthem Comparison Essay When a person is entrapped within a society that dictates their behaviour, thoughts, and opinions they are unable to grasp the realization of their societies corrupt nature. However, there is always the odd individual who willing and capable of uncovering the truth of their society. In the novels Anthem by Ayn Rand, and Fahrenheit 451, written by Ray Bradbury the main characters of the novels were able to find truth by, forming friendships that are banned by their societies, rebelling against the grain of society to gain knowledge or form ideas, and finding flaws within their societies. Thus proving that, when one seeks truth within the confines of a controlling society it leads to self-discovery because they find the courage to escape. When one seeks truth within the confines of a controlling society by forming friendships that are banned it leads to self-discovery, because they find the courage to escape. For instance, Montag a character form the novel Fahrenheit 451. In the society that he lived in, any types of reading material was considered forbidden. Those who took it upon themselves to embrace the reading material were considered to be just as harmful as the material itself, because it lead people to believe â€Å"all the false promises, all the second-hand notions and time worn philosophies† that people had (Bradbury, 76). However, Montag intentially befriended an elderly man named Faber, who in his younger days, before the revolution, was an English professor. Montag know that Faber was knowledgeable in literature, but he became his friend regardless of this fact because he was curious of the forbidden treasures that his society kept from him. On the other hand Faber was aware of the glorious preachings, concepts, and ideas that literature held, and he was also aware of the error his society was making when it decided to eliminate reading material during its transformation. Although he was conscious of the valuable information that would be lost Faber did not speak out or fight against this decision, in turn he lost one of the most valuable things in his life: â€Å"I’m one of the innocents who could have spoken up and out when no would listen to the ‘guilty,’ but I did not speak and thus became guilty myself†¦ Now it’s too late† (Bradbury, 82). Faber’s misfortune friendship and his non-existent initiative to fight for literature inspired Montag to discover his true self, and his own beliefs that lead him to flee form his society in order to end up regretting the fact that he did not protest for his right to knowledge. Thus showing that by Montag forming a friendship that was not excepted by his society he found the courage to escape. A second example of one finding enough courage to escape a controlling society, because of a banned friendship is Equality 7-2521 of the novel Anthem. In the society in which Equality 7-2521 lives feelings and emotions that one may have towards another are forbidden, because it makes that individual different and unique from others within a society where everyone is to be considered equal. Although this is a main law Equality finds himself being drawn to a young girl by the name of Liberty 7-2000. With his new found attraction Equality 7-2521 reaches out to the girl in hopes of grasping a relationship, and this is exactly what he achieves. The relationship between Equaulity 7-2521 and Liberty 7-2000 helped him discover his true self. It made him realize that he was able to have love for someone else and that there was nothing wrong or improper about the feelings that he was experiencing and that this was not curse but an advantage, one that have him an individual. Equality’s self discovery, gave him the gallantry to escape form his society, because it made him recognize how corrupt and controlling his society was and it also made him realize that the only way he would ever truly be happy is if he were free. Both characters with in the novels Anthem, and Fahrenheit 451 discovered themselves by forming friendships that were not excepted in their society, an din both cases they gained enough courage to escape. Montag’s friendship with Faber inspired Montag to escape and realize his true self only because he was afraid to become what Faber was; a coward, not willing to fight for his beliefs. In contrast, the friendship that Equality 7-2521 and Liberty 7-2000 shared inspired Equality to discover his self, and escape, because he was different and enjoyed being unique from the rest of his society. This shows that although both characters were inspired by friendships, the reasons for their actions, and their self-discovery were different. Thus proving that, when one seeks truth within the confines of a controlling society it leads to self-discovery, because they find the courage to escape. A second factor that must be accounted for is the fact that when one seeks truth within the confines of a controlling by rebelling against the grain of society to form ideas or gain knowledge it leads to self revelation and it gives them the courage to escape. A good example of this is Equality 7-2521. In the novel Anthem Equality seeks and finds truth in his society by discovering a source of energy. The process of Equality’s discovery was very long and strenuous and it consisted of disobeying the rules that were set, on many given nights in order to sneak away and work in his secretive tunnel on his invention. Because of what his society preached, he instilled in his thoughts that he was, â€Å"born with a curse† (Rand, 13). Equality 7-2521 believed this because he was curious about the nature of things and broke rules to explore the world in which he lived. However, when he discovered that he was able to produce a light from a source other than a candle his thoughts and opinions towards himself and his society changed. His society did not want to recognize or accept the new energy that he discovered. The society’s ignorant towards Equality 7-2521’s discovery, that could have changed the way that the society lived and worked angered him. In result it made him discover that he was a unique individual that had thoughts that were far more indepth and surpassed the thoughts of others he was surrounded by. Equality 7-2521’s search to gain knowledge helped him build the strength to escape the controlling society that he lived in because he realized that it and the individuals that it contained were just holding him back form discovering his true self and environment further. Equality 7-2521 sought truth within his society by rebelling against it and forming a new idea and that gave him the strength to escape. In addition, Montag from the novel Fahrenheit 451 was also in search of truth and did so by rebelling against his society and gaining knowledge that resulted in courage to brake free. In the society of this novel people were restrained form reading literature, and to ensure that this law was not broken. It was the job of firefighters to burn and destroy all reading materials. Montag was a perfect example of a firefighter he ignighted books to ensure that the evil teachings that they held would never by absorbed by people of his society, until his curiosity overtook him: â€Å"there must be something in books, things we can’t imagine,†¦ there must be something there† (Bradbury, 51). This interest Montag had in hat his society withheld from it’s people soon overwhelmed him and he found himself rebelling by secretly recovering and protecting book form homes that were being destroyed because of the literature that they contained; â€Å"Montag felt the hidden book pound like a heart against his chest’’ (Bradbury, 39). Not only did Montag rebel by stealing books, but he embraced the knowledge inside. The wisdom that he acquired f rom these sources of knowledge lead him to self-discovery, because he realized the corrupt nature of his society. His society was so corrupt that he no longer wanted to take part and inhibit people form opening and expanding their minds. Montag’s self discovery is evident when â€Å"suddenly the odor of kerosene made him vomit,† although it was once such a great smell that only a true firefighter could love, and he could no longer fulfill his job as a firefighter and be happy (Bradbury, 49). Montag’s new found knowledge gave him the courage to escape because he recognized that if he stayed and continued to be controlled by his society that he would never be able to spread the knowledge and wisdom that he had gained. Both Equality 7-2521 and Montag rebelled within their society’s and in result formed ideas or captured some form of wisdom. Furthermore, both discovered themselves and recognized from their discovery that they needed to break free form their society in order to have freedom and the will to share their advanced knowledge and ideas. Montag and Equality 7-2521 both made discoveries that could have and would have changed the way their society’s functioned and thought. Although, what Montag realized had been recognized by individuals in his society before in contrast to Equality’s newly discovered light source that was unknown to his society. Therefore proving that when one seeks truth within the confines of a controlling society, it leads to self-discovery, because it gives them the courage to escape. The last factor that must be accounted for is the fact that when one presues truth within the confines of a manipulating society by finding flaws within, it leads to self-discovery, because they find the courage to escape. An example of this is Equality 7-2521. The society that he lived in is very narrow minded and believes that conformity is essential in order for all to be content. Their Motto: â€Å"We are one in all and all in one. There are no men but only the great WE, one, indivisible and forever,† is the basis of their ethics, and suppresses them form leading a typical lifestyle. No one within the society of the novel Anthem was permitted to have thoughts, pinions, or ideas of their own. Equality 7-2521 was silenced by the conformity that his society had. Finally he came to the realization that his society’s flaw was depriving him and others of their individuality. This realization gave Equality 7-2521 a better understanding of himself. Him recognizing his society’s flaw gave him the bravery to escape, because he realized that his society would never learn from it mistakes and frailties, and that he needed to take action in order to provide a better and more fulfilling life for himself and others. Therefore, Equality 7-2521 investigation for truth within his society led him to the realization of flaws that it contained, and gave him the courage to escape. In comparison, in the novel Fahrenheit 451 Montag uncovers imperfections within his society, that directed him to discover himself, because it gave him the courage to retreat. The society that Montag lives in confines the population by restraining them from any sort of reading material, in fear that the material will cause people to become unhappy, depressed, or angry, with the information that it consists of: â€Å"We stand against the small tide of those who want to make everyone unhappy with conflicting theory and thought†¦ Don’t let the torrent of melancholy and drear philosophy drown our world† (Bradbury, 62). This quotation proves that this society believes that it is truly making people happy by holding back, and not allowing them to have opinions and thoughts of their own, basically controlling them. Not only does the society of the novel control people by making it known that they can not enjoy the pleasure, and benefits of reading, but they also control them with parlor walls, which are giant televisions that take up an entire living room wall. These walls â€Å"tell you what to think and blasts it in. It must be right. It seems so right. It rushes you on so quickly to its own conclusions your mind hasn’t time to protest† (Bradbury, 84). Montag realizes that this is his society’s major fault, and the reason that they are in desperate attempts of controlling everyone is because they believe and want everyone to be alike: â€Å"We must all be alike. Not everyone born free and equal, as the Constitutions says, but everyone made equal† (Bradbury, 58). Montag’s recognition of his society’s flaw leads him to self-discovery ecause he realizes exactly what his society is doing, and knows that it is not mentally healthy for any individual. Montag breaks free of his society by escaping, because he yearns for the knowledge and independency that his society refuses to provide and except. Both characters apprehend that their society’s have major obstacles that they have to overcome before it could ever become a well functioning and productive society with well functioning individuals. They also escape the societies, because they realize that nothing will ever be done about the blunders that they hold. Furthermore, both Montag, and Equality 7-2521 conceive when free from their past societies that they want to take action, and establish a society of their own. Both societies in the two novels Fahrenheit 451 and Anthem find ways of controlling the humanity that it with hold by molding them into what them want them to be. Thus and thus proving that when one seeks truth within the confines of a controlling society it leads to self-discovery, because they find the courage to escape.

Analysis of Setting in Gilman’s “The Yellow Wallpaper”

Eric Fitzgerald Critical Essay Keith Wilhite 10/22/12 Analysis: The Yellow Wallpaper In works of literature, authors tend to use various literary techniques to help the reader understand the work without an explicit explanation. In the short story â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† Charlotte Perkins Gilman uses setting to connect with the theme in order to give the reader an understanding of the narrator’s developing insanity along the common gender roles of the late 19th century.The narrator records journal entries that document the decline of her mental state throughout her progressively slanted perception of reality. Her decline in mental health, which seemingly begins as relatively steady, eventually becomes broken in a way that is exemplified through her explanation of the physical setting. Setting is used as a basis of the plot because without its unique setting, the story would have less credibility of being plausible. Gilman provides a compatible setting and theme, whi ch leads to a smooth plotline in the story.The story takes place in a pleasant summerhouse that the narrator’s husband John has rented out for three months to give his wife time to relax and recover from her illness. This setting immediately tells the reader that the husband and wife live upper-middle class or upper class lives. John, â€Å"a physician of high standing†, clearly does very well for himself financially as he lives comfortably enough to rent out a luxurious summer home for the three months of summer (316).Although the narrator refers to the rental rate of the home as cheap, it is still a luxury expense that not many families would so freely incur. This detail suggests that John makes a good amount of money and allows the reader to infer how this family lives. Because Gilman has provided this setting, the reader is able to assume these more descriptive aspects of the story. The narrator’s first entry in her diary seem sane when read superficially, h owever the way she views her living space seems all too optimistic.She referred to her bedroom as a â€Å"nursery† and assumed that it was a â€Å"nursery first, then playroom, and gymnasium, I should judge; for the windows are barred for little children, and there are rings and things in the walls† (317). Yet when she described the so called nursery, one can have serious doubts. She mentioned that the size of the bed was that of an adult’s, and was the only piece of furniture in the room. The reader can immediately question this detail because it does not make sense for there to be an adult’s bed in a room that was for young children, or a gymnasium.The narrator later mentions that, for some reason, the bed is nailed to the floor and that there is significant damage to the legs of the bed. She explains, â€Å"scratched and gouged and splintered,† and â€Å"the plaster itself is dug out here and there† (319). The narrator blames these descri ptions on violent children. The reader develops a further understanding of the narrator’s lack of sanity when the room in portrayed with a sense of her being locked inside. She discloses that the room has barred windows and a barrier taking away her access to the stairwell.She seems to be unaware of these possibly intentional confines of the room, but the reader gains insight to the credible previous usage of the room. In actuality, it allows the reader to question her sanity throughout all of her writing. There is a chance that the asylum was deliberately chosen for the insane narrator and John led her to believe it was a nursery to circumvent disturbing her â€Å"slight hysterical tendency† (316). â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† was written in 1892 and takes place in about this same time period.In this century, gender roles among men and women were distinct. The men worked and played a superior role in society, while the women stayed at home to cook, clean, and ta ke care of the children provided they had any. In the story, John has the overall power in the house, while the narrator does as he says. The narrator showed her obedience when she immediately stopped writing when she noticed her husband was on his way to her room. She said, â€Å"There comes John, and I must put this away, – he hates to have me write a word† (317).Beyond the relationship of physician to patient, John is demonstrating his empowerment as a husband in this late 19th century short story when he does not allow his wife to go visit her Cousin Henry and Julia,: â€Å"[†¦] he said I wasn’t able to go, nor able to stand it after I got there; [†¦]† (321). The husband-wife relationship between the two is further uncovered in the narrator’s fourth journal entry. She accidentally woke up her husband in the night when she got up from her bed to explore the activity in the wallpaper and goes on to say to John that it is â€Å"a good t ime to talk† (322).Through their discussion, it is clear that John is talking down to his wife when he calls her â€Å"little girl† and cries out, â€Å"Bless her little hear! † (322). Additionally, John seems as though he declines to acknowledge the fact that his wife’s condition is not improving as he continuously reinforces the idea that she is getting better. The relationship between the two is clearly dominated by John. His wife’s reliance on him and her lowliness are highlighted by John’s condescending conduct. Furthermore, John placed his wife in an upstairs bedroom, where she ended up spending all of her time away from the rest of the house.Contrary to where the wife wanted her bedroom to be, she nonetheless endured the discomfort that the hideous yellow wallpaper brought to the room. After a detailed description of the wallpaper’s lack of attractiveness, the narrator stated, â€Å"I should hate it myself if I had to live in t his room long† (317). In this moment, John’s wife’s declaration of hate towards the yellow wallpaper in a way foreshadows her imminent insanity. Throughout the story, the narrator’s thoughts become increasingly involved with the wallpaper to the point where most readers would question her sanity.Although she often mentions that she feels her health is improving, her writing becomes progressively obsessed with the wallpaper indicating her worsening mental state. Mentioning new â€Å"developments† in the wallpaper, she states, â€Å"There are always new shoots on the fungus, and new shades of yellow all over it. I cannot keep count of them, though I have tried conscientiously† (324). She also goes on to reference various other strange details of the paper such as its smell, its color, and that she believes there is a woman behind it making it move (325).At this point in the story, it is clear that the narrator has lost her grip on reality as th e setting ultimately contributes to the plot line of the short story. Additionally, the narrator’s distance from the central areas of the house symbolizes the distance between her mental state and reality. The rest of the family resides in the common place of the house where they carry out their days – a normal reality. The author portrays the narrator’s figurative separation from the regular, sane world by physically distancing her from everyone else in the house.The narrator is also separated in terms of the social hierarchy of the house. The husband paid for the rent of the house and moves about freely in it while he requires his wife to remain in her room at all times, which also demonstrates his gender dominance in the late 19th century. Often times, the setting of a literary work can contribute much more to the reader than simply informing the time and place of the work. The reader can gain a better understanding of many different aspects of a work when th e setting is critically analyzed.The narrator’s decline in mental health begins as relatively stable to the reader but eventually becomes fragmented in a way that is exemplified through her clarification of her physical setting. Her weakening mental state can partially be blamed her already preexisting nervous tendency, but is certainly a result of her questionable â€Å"treatment† and her husband’s denial to his wife as an adult on a level social hierarchy. The setting in â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† plays a crucial role in being able to thoroughly understand the literary work.

Analysis Of Environmental Conditions Marketing Essay

Analysis Of Environmental Conditions Marketing Essay Analysis of environmental conditions is based on the framework put forward by Lynch (2009) that assesses the general degree of turbulence in the environment. This can be done by using the two measures of ‘Changeability’ and ‘predictability’ (Lynch, 2009, p80), which can be subdivided into complexity and novelty (changeability), and rate of change and visibility (predictability). Establishing a level of turbulence in the environment allows us to know with how much confidence we can predict the future (Lynch, 2009). In the fourth quarter of 2009 the UK GDP rose by 0.1% (www.statistics.gov.uk, 2010) which means Britain is officially out of recession. While this means recovery is under way, many analysts remain sceptical of the extent of recovery. Andrew Sentance of the Monetary Policy Committee has claimed that ‘pace of recovery would remain uncertain’ (Sentence in the Telegraph Newspaper, 2010). So, as far as predictability and visibility go, it appears very difficult to predict with confidence the extent to which the UK economy will recover in 2010, with many anticipating a slow process because ‘the economy remains weighed down by a still fragile banking sector and high consumer and government debt levels’ (Seager, 2010). With regards to Changeability and complexity, there is a general election expected in May this year and there is a strong possibility of a change of Government (www.yougov.co.uk, www.ipsos-mori.com, 2010), which will bring about a change in Government policy towards businesses, for example, the Conservative Party are pledging a cut in corporation tax. (www.conservatives.com, 2010). Adding to the complexity is the recent return to a 17.5% VAT rate that adds more financial pressure to consumers in an already struggling market. The recession may have ended but analysts are not expecting too much change in spending as ‘economic downturn is squeezing spending power and that pressure will con tinue into 2010’ (Mintel, Oct 2009). Given the reasonably turbulent conditions, organisations must change its strategies, and possibly its beliefs if it is to maintain its ability to handle changes in the environment (Thompson, 2005). So strategy cannot be made for years into the future because of the uncertain nature of the environment. Strategy should focus on the upcoming year until the turbulence reduces. 4.2 PEST Analysis PEST Analysis is a focus on the macro environment and which factors will change the external environment in the years to come. Johnson et al (p.54) states â€Å"The environment is what gives organisations their means of survival. However the environment is also a source of threats.† â€Å"The macro environment is the highest-level layer. This consists of broad environmental factors that impact to a greater or lesser extent on almost all organisations.† Therefore a good analysis of the macro environment is critical to success but should als o be as general and non-specific as possible, this leads to one of the down falls of PEST that it can be a very useful tool when analysing the macro environment but also its general nature can be its downfall if it becomes little more than a huge list of factors in a shopping list fashion.

Project Management- Group Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words - 1

Project Management- Group Report - Essay Example This is the reason behind our project. As project management students, we came up with an idea that would make it much easier for us to raise funds to disburse to the Syrian humanitarian kitty. According to our plan, these moneys would be used for helping the refugees to acquire the humanitarian support-healthcare, food, shelter, education and hygiene that they are in a dire need of. To effectively do this, we organized our team in such a way that everyone would have an important contribution to make. Meaning, each of us was given a role to play as we were working on the project. A part from assigning individual roles, we ensured that we put in place a team of leaders who would be coordinating the activities of the project. As creative minds, we engaged one another and came up with an idea of using a canvas in which people would be signing as they give us their donations. By giving them a chance to sign our canvas, we managed to appeal to everyone. They would be attracted to make their donations which they believed would be appropriately used for the right purpose. With our budget of 45 Euros, we managed to conduct all our activities without any constraint. In fact, we only used 22 Euros. In order o achieve this; we opted to make a good use of Lean Project Management, Traditional Approach and CCPM strategies of project management. We had to apply the principles of project management because they would be of much help to us. A part from providing us with the theoretical framework, they would enable us to carry out all the activities in the best and most suitable way so far. These made it much easier for us to identify our resources and effectively utilize them for the benefit of accomplishing our common goal. It is for this reason that we managed to effectively carry out our activities and raised funds for the project. In fact, we managed to do everything within the budgeted

Orientalism and Multiculturalism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Orientalism and Multiculturalism - Essay Example Certain groups whose aims are equitable with greed and power develop means to create an inferior group and attempts to uplift their in their own context an "acceptable behavior". As efforts to conquer other nations and discover communities beyond one's own reached its peak, colonialism reached its height that further extended the gap between people of different cultures. The East-West contrast soon evolved that transformed relativistic emphasis as a means to identify cultural similarities and differences with regard to local region and culture. Technological advancement has pushed critical viewpoints that greatly sensationalized views of dominion and submission; of the perpetrator and victimization creating political issues concurrently escalating in present day conflicts. Societal mechanisms that involved racism has been used and probably politically and culturally abused to blame the West for the existence of discrimination and to integrate cultures to fight for their supreme right. These changes brought about by globalization in the 19th century has identified exotic stereotyping of cultural behavior that has often associated the West with their classical views that Said (1980) exposed in a critique as an affront against other minority cultures. The Eastern side has also criticized Western values that are often associated with materialism where Said criticized its failure to give meaning to individual's lives. Discipline, being an important aspect of western emphasis has been equated with civilized behavior and labeling of human's knowledge that segregated underdeveloped cultures according to Foucault (1979). Further, Foucault added that such eugenics has theorized discipline that pervades the Victorian sentiments pervading in the western society. The apparent stereotyping from both sides and critical claims has created events that affected the interrelationship between each side. Religion With the spread of Christianity, western dominions over eastern religious beliefs that glorify Arab culture were seen as substandard and ignorant. The Roman Catholic Church's hierarchical insistence of power over religious beliefs has further delegated eastern religion as not harmonious because of the many facets embraced by the number of multicultural beliefs in the eastern bloc.Attempts to consider varied beliefs have seen Zizek's insistence against the multiculturalists' true position of universality in religious practice. The chasm is further widened as open and critical western viewpoints allowed the Islamic faith to stand and rally against factions that has questioned their religious affiliation. More recently, open disrespect by Europe to Prophet Muhammad has raised hardened Muslim hearts to declare antagonism against their critics. Such western attitude among others toward Middle-east's age-old culture and practice has brought about the continuing wars and conflicts that are better left to their respective factions to find a settlement amongst them in contrast to Zizek's constant defense of the revolutionary act as the pure and only alternative against war and cruelty. Arts, Literature and Academe In the field of arts, music, literature and science a plethora of great authors and poets are the pride of the Western culture that magnifies Shakespeare's works and influenced modern

The South Carolina nullification crisis, under President Andrew Essay - 1

The South Carolina nullification crisis, under President Andrew Jackson, split the Democratic Party in two - Essay Example The Existential Fallacy is passed because there is no particular conclusion from two universal premises. This argument passes all six tests for validity. It passes the Equivocation Fallacy because there are only three terms used in the exact same way. It passes the Fallacy of the Undistributed Middle because the middle term is distributed in the second premise. It passes the Illicit Major and Illicit Minor Fallacies because the major term is distributed in the first premise and in the conclusion. The argument passes the Fallacy of Exclusive Premises because there are not two negative premises. It passes the Affirmative Conclusion from a Negative Premise Fallacy because the conclusion is negative. Finally, it passes the Existential Fallacy because there is no particular conclusion from two universal conclusions. This argument is valid based on the fact that it passes all six tests for validity. The Equivocation Fallacy is passed because there are only three terms used in the same way. The Fallacy of the Undistributed Middle Term is passes because the middle term is distributed in the first premise. The Fallacies of the Illicit Major or Illicit Minor are passed because any term distributed in the conclusion is distributed in the premises. ... No protective tariffss(d) could be nullifiedp(d). Mood, Figure, and Latin Name: EAE-2 Cesare Venn Diagram: This argument is valid based on the fact that it passes all six tests for validity. The Equivocation Fallacy is passed because there are only three terms used in the same way. The Fallacy of the Undistributed Middle Term is passes because the middle term is distributed in the first premise. The Fallacies of the Illicit Major or Illicit Minor are passed because any term distributed in the conclusion is distributed in the premises. It passes the Affirmative Conclusion from Negative Premises Fallacy because the conclusion is negative so there is no affirmative conclusion. The Existential Fallacy is passed because there is no particular conclusion from two universal premises. Third Argument: No nullifiersm(d) supported protective tariffsp(d). Some South Carolinianss(u) were nullifiersm(u). Some South Carolinianss(u) did not support protective tariffsp(d). Mood, Figure, and Latin Name: EIO-1 Ferio Venn Diagram: This argument is valid because it passes all six of the tests for validity. It passes the Equivocation Fallacy because there are only three terms used in the same sense. The Fallacy of the Undistributed Middle is passed because the middle term is distributed in the first premise. It passes the Fallacies of the Illicit Major and Illicit Minor because the major term is distributed in the conclusion and in the first premise. The Fallacy of Exclusive Premises is passed because there are not two negative premises. The Affirmative Conclusion from Negative Premises is passed because the conclusion is negative. It passes the Existential Fallacy because there is no particular conclusion from two

Health and environment questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

Health and environment questions - Essay Example Economic growth would considerably reduce because of the estimated prevalence of AIDS and hence social development based on education, medical care, etc. will be adversely affected. (McFarlan et al, 2001) In order to tame the tide of AIDS in Africa, the developed countries must address the fundamental issues. Adult education is important, since the population has to learn the key facts about the disease. The developed countries must invest in medical campaign. The population must be informed about the use of condom, contraception, and risks of having multiple sex partners. The American organization USAID can play a vital role in this regard. The Canadian government is also active in this direction. Last but not least, the population already affected by AIDS must be given inexpensive and steadfast medical relief so that the epidemic may not spread. Diseases like TB, Malaria, etc., which are related to immunodeficiency must also be controlled. Precautionary principles have only been accorded their significance for less than two decades (O’Riordan & Cameron, 1994). With the lapse of time, the importance of precautionary principles has increased manifold. Chernobyl disaster in the erstwhile USSR or Bhopal gas tragedy in India could probably be avoided if the authorities worked on the precautionary principles in time. For example, before introducing a new technique to produce nuclear energy, evaluation must be done on its probable effects during an accidental meltdown. Therefore, the government and regulators cannot remain regardless of the consequences of contaminated land and polluted aquifers that might add polluting or potentially polluting agents to water, air, or land. Moreover, media response to precaution should also be aligned to environmental principles and ethics. (O’Riordan & Cameron, 1994) The risks related to the increasingly powerful information and communication

Violent Crimes And Major Thefts Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Violent Crimes And Major Thefts - Case Study Example Other than the national street gangs, there are other local street gangs found in the rural, suburban and urban areas. Such local gangs pose an increasing threat to the locals as they are responsible for transporting and distribution of drugs in specific areas. In order to gain respect from their rivals, local street gangs imitate the more powerful national gangs which is one cause of street gang fights that keep recurring. Notably, such gangs continue to pose domestic threats to all their neighborhoods. Therefore, there is a probability that these gangs will increase their illegal operations to the US from their international suppliers. Similarly, it is probable that such gangs will increase their relationships with the international criminal organizations and drug trafficking organizations as a way of obtaining access to the global market for illegal businesses. This paper outlines why street gangs are dangerous sections in any society and therefore, state, federal and local govern ment should not hesitate in curbing them. As a result of the increase in the number of street gangs, the Federal Bureau of Investigations continues to play a major role in combating violent crimes and thefts in all cities and towns in US. The FBI works in conjunction with other agents such as the state and local partners, who are involved in the investigation as well as a joint task force. This ensures that the fight against gangs is made possible since one organ cannot fight the crimes by itself (Curry, Ball, & Fox, 2014). Other than investigations, these anti-gang groups look at the bigger picture through analyzing trends and threats from the criminal groups and sharing that intelligence with all their partners. Such strategies enable the involved officer to recognize as well as understand the exact assignment they have to complete or are ongoing. The spread of street gangs has been attributed to lack of sharing information by the officers in charge or poor communication by the

1. Will Social Media Democratize the Arab World What role if any do Essay

1. Will Social Media Democratize the Arab World What role if any do social media play in the current social unrest in many Arab countries - Essay Example Internet has created an outlet where the young people can interact and even organize themselves around a specific cause (Ghannam 14). Besides it is easier for the dissenting groups and organizations to target the young people via internet (Ghannam 15). Internet has broadened the horizons of the Arab youth that was till now methodically managed and constrained by the more co-opted traditional media. Internet has created a space where dissent can get registered without invoking a direct threat. 3. The US indeed supports the Arab social media in the sense that it extensively politicizes the digital activism in the Arab world, thereby bolstering the zeal of the political activists, without making way for the commensurate safety measures and provisions (Ghannam 18). Though the US professes the internet freedom to be central to its foreign policy, the entire initiative appears to be a sham and double faced in the sense that the US in no way intends to destabilize the political status quo in the friendly Arab dictatorships and monarchies (Ghannam 18). 4. The social media is still at a very nascent stage in the Arab world. However, in a long term context, the social media could be positively expected to have a significant and discernible impact on the masses in the Arab world. Social media has not only increased the magnitude and frequency of people’s access to the divergent view points and possibilities, it has also changed the form and manner in which the people engage with these view points (Ghannam 23). Though social media on its own could not be expected to bring out an immediate political change, it will certainly make way for the emergence of a popular mindset and the requisite institutions, which will facilitate political change in the long run. 5. The internet in the Arab world is indeed acting as a catalyst of change in the sense that it has extended a space to the voices and agents of change, where they can express

Housing Finance and Economics Evaluating New Labours Housing Policy Coursework

Housing Finance and Economics Evaluating New Labours Housing Policy - Coursework Example (Williams, 1999) When an estate is not under maintenance and also in a dilapidated condition, the council is more inclined to allocate them to people are socially inadequate or inefficient. Here social residualisation also becomes economically unproductive since the resources in the region are not optimally utilized and the rest of the residents feel entrapped and isolated which keeps them away from participating in the economy. This leads to immediate convenience but short sightedness. For instance, people who claimed ownership houses keeping in view the Right to Buy are deceived and their period of wait goes to vain. At this juncture a social dilemma arises with relation to the exclusion of people through the housing framework or from the same. This is due to residualisation and ‘spatial concentration’ of the system. The paper brings forth the economic evaluation of the housing policies of New Deal after 1997 considering alongside the economic factors influencing the h ousing system after the coalition administration came to power since 2010. Achievements of the New Labour’s Housing Policy When the New Labor came to power, things were against the favor of social housing system. This was especially due to the Thatcher’s Right to Buy system which decreased the number of accommodations available for social housing. In this context, Cooper observes, â€Å"In the last year of the Conservative government which lost to Mr Blair, Great Britain suffered a net loss of 16,257 homes†¦The number of homes built by councils and housing associations plunged from its peak of 110,000 in 1980, the second year of the outgoing Conservative government’s 18-year tenure, to just 34,860 in 1996, its final... The paper brings forth the economic evaluation of the housing policies of New Deal after 1997 and considers alongside the economic factors influencing the housing system after the coalition administration came to power since 2010. The main purpose of providing social housing is to provide houses which are within the range of affordability for the individuals with low income levels. This segment is monitored such that rents are kept at low levels. This sector is different from that of private landlords where the choice of the later dominates. Here, houses are allocated according to needs and the social landlords state in advance the criterion on the basis of which the allocation is done on a rational ground. They might have a policy of alteration at any time as per the decision of the landlord. The New Labor administration brought about the issue of housing within the jurisdiction of social inclusion, as the government announces its goal of providing each citizen â€Å"the opportunity of a decent home and so promote social cohesion, well-being and self-dependence† The Welfare Reform Bill will help in shoving the individuals from benefits towards jobs.In fact the modern coalition government’s scheme supports the people with economic and social priorities instead of medical reasons or problems of homelessness. The programs undertaken by the government was led by financial and economic motives rather than social cause though the existing tenants are promised more fairness and satisfaction.

Cover Letter Handbook Essay Example for Free

Cover Letter Handbook Essay Register in the AIC Career Services database to view part-time and full-time jobs, work study opportunities, and internships in the Career Services web-page. View MonsterTrak jobs (jobs requiring 1-3 years) experience directly through the Career Services Job database. AIC Career Services is located in the Campus Center. E-mail: [emailprotected] or call 413-205-3237 to schedule an appointment Visit the college web-page at www.aic.edu, access the Career Services link to register. WHAT IS A COVER LETTER? A cover letter is an application or letter of interest for a particular job whether solicited from advertisement or non-solicited. A cover letter should always be included with a resume. A cover letter introduces a job hunter to an employer and indicates a desire for an interview with that employer. THREE COMPONENTS TO A COVER LETTER 1. First Paragraph: States the desired position and how you learned about the job. Job hunters find employment openings through the newspaper, school, an employee of the company, or the Internet. 2. Second Paragraph: Includes the body of the letter and explains why you should be hired by describing how your work experience qualifies you for the job. Refer the employer to the resume when describing qualifications. But do not repeat the same information that is in the resume. Indicate why you are interested in the company. (Use a third paragraph to further explain your qualifications and interests if necessary). 3. Final Paragraph: Indicates a desire for an interview. Include contact information and indicate the type of response you anticipate from the letter. Always detail how you will follow up on your application. With the exception of school districts, never end the cover letter with look forward to hearing from you soon. An employer (other than school districts) may not  call candidates so it is ineffective to put the ball in the employers court. As a freshman, your main concern is most probably what MAJOR to choose. There are a variety of different ways to help you determine a possible major: 1) Get feedback from friends and family or those who know you best. Often, they can share with you what skills or attributes you have and this can help you in your decision to choose a major or potential career. Remember to use their feedback only as assistance in your decision-making, and not as strict advice. 2) Take a values/skills/interests evaluation such as FOCUS that will assist to determine what kind of career you are interested in and also help with choosing a major. 3) Gain experience. Often, the best way to figure out your career path or major is to gain experience in fields that you are interested in. Look for a summer job or part-time job during school that will help you gain experience in a field that you are interested in. You can visit the career center or search online for employment. 4) Get involved with activities/groups/committees on your campus. This will not only be a way to socialize and build relationships, but is also a way to gain further experience and skills such as leadership, teamwork, community service, etc. 5) Take your general education requirements first. This will help you focus on future courses that will help you achieve your career goals. SOPHOMORE 1) Start to set goals for yourself: both Career and Personal: Examples: I will get a summer job that I am interested in I will work on my organization skills I will get work on my study skills and maintain my GPA 2) Do your best in school! Potential employers value an employee with good grades and high academic achievement. Doing well in school demonstrates that you have motivation, determination, and intellect. 3) Start working on a resume and cover letter that can be given to potential employers. The career center offers cover letter and resume-writing assistance. 4) Browse career literature in the career office or look online at different jobs you are interested in and the skills that each job requires. JUNIOR 1) Look into internships that align with your course of study. First, ask your advisor for contacts who offer internship experiences. The career center is a great place to search for internships. 2) Start developing a credential packet that can be sent to employers. This packet will include your resume, transcript, references, credential/certification documentations, and any other documentation that will enhance your opportunity to become employed. 3) Attend workshops that will build certain skills pertaining to your field of study and attend any career services workshops that are offered. 4) Update your resume periodically and have someone in the career office proof-read it along with any updated cover letters. SENIOR 1) Job search: Utilize the assistance of the career office and online websites. Attending job fairs is also a great way to meet employers. 2) Join associations within your field of study at a lower student rate. These memberships will also add credentials to your resume. 3) Mock interview: Practice your interviewing skills with a career services professional. 4) Maintain your credential packet that the career center can keep on file for you to send out to potential employers TIPS: Take care of yourself: physically and mentally. Make sure to get plenty of sleep and eat well. Exercising can also reduce stress and boost energy levels. Networking: The more people you know in a field that interests you, the better your chance is of getting a position in that field. Make yourself known to those who have connections and soon, you will have connections of your own. Keep options open. Your perfect job may not be the first one you get and being open to other locations, salaries, or populations can help you attain a job that will offer you the experience you need for future endeavors. Familiarize yourself with the latest technology in the career field you are interested in pursuing. Being knowledgeable of current technology is always an excellent asset to have and makes you more marketable.

The movie A Beautiful Mind Essay Example for Free

The movie A Beautiful Mind Essay The movie is titled â€Å"A Beautiful Mind† and the psychological disorder that is depicted in it is schizophrenia. In the movie, the main character is Josh Nash is depicted as being schizophrenic in the following ways. In one instance, he is revealed as being able to hear voices that other people could not hear. This voices are seen as controlling agents of the actions he does. The voices in the movie control his thoughts and to some extend seem like they want to harm him. His behavior is quiet terrifying to the people around Nash. The depiction of psychological disorder of schizophrenia is a true picture of the condition as it occurs in real life. Another symptom of the disorder that was evident in the movie is the fact the sitting for several hours without any movement or speech. Nash had bout where he could not move or speak for a lot of hours. This is the typical behavior of schizophrenic people. He seemed fine most of the time but as soon as he made a revelation of what was on his mind people were shocked on what was going on in his mind. The portrayal of an individual with schizophrenic disorder in the movie â€Å"A Beautiful Mind† was indeed a realistic portrayal of the disorder CITATION Bus03 l 1033 ( Buss Buss, 2003). My reaction after viewing the movie is that schizophrenia is a psychological disorder that affects families and societies in general. The people who are diagnosed with this condition find it quiet difficult to live a normal life as they rely so much on other people to help them in their daily activities. The only solution to it is by coping with the symptoms of the disease. References BIBLIOGRAPHY Buss, E. H., Buss, A. H. (2003). Schizophrenia: Seven Approaches. Transaction Publishers. Source document

Understand The Two Concepts Culture And Civilization Sociology Essay

Understand The Two Concepts Culture And Civilization Sociology Essay This essay will attempt a brief review of the history of the concept culture and its relationship with the concept civilization, in order to understand the two concepts, without making any claims towards offering anything new in the analysis of the chronological account of how the definition of culture changed over time.  [1]  Instead, the essay will attempt to explore the harmonies and dis-harmonies in the utilization of the two concepts, as a way of coming to terms with immanent ruptures and continuities which were explicated in various ways in which the logic and lexicon of these concepts were deployed in the different anthropological traditions over the years. From the outset, I would like to mention that I almost abandoned this particular topic because of the difficulties I encountered in finding a concise definition of, mainly the concept of culture. When, after several weeks of reading, it finally dawned on me that actually there was none, it all started to make sense that the subject of defining the concept of culture has never been closed and was never intended for foreclosure. This meant that understanding how the concept was variously deployed was as important as appreciating the manner of its deployment, especially in ways in which this was always associated with the concept of civilization, whose definition was more straightforward. The notion of Culture: Following a very unsuccessful search for a concise definition of the concept culture, it dawned on me that Terry Eagleton and several others was after all correct when he said that culture was one of the few very complicated concepts to have ever graced the English language (Armstrong, 2010: 1; Eagleton, 2006: 1; Kroeber Kluckhohn, 1952). Culture was a very difficult concept to define because the evolution of its etymology and its deployment varied in different contexts and anthropological traditions, both contemporary and classical. Its meaning in one setting was often contested in another. The word culture was first used in America  [2]  , and in etymological terms, its contemporary usage has its origin in attempts to describe mans relationship with nature, through which resources were extracted. It depicted the outcomes of extraction of resources from nature through a process of labor, for example, through crop farming and livestock production (Eagleton, 2006: 1). It was in this sense that the concept was first formally deployed in the 19th century in Germany, where the word used was Kultur, which in German referred to cultivation.  [3]  The early German usage of the word culture was heavily influenced by Kant, who, like his followers, spelled the word as culture, and used it repeatedly to mean cultivation or becoming cultured, which subsequently became the initial meaning of civilization (Kroeber Kluckhohn, 1952: 10). The way the concept was first used in modern English borrowed from the usage first made of the word by Walter Taylor, which dates back to 1871 , although according to Kroeber and Kluckhohn (1952: 9), Taylors use of the word culture, which was borrowed from German, was similar to the way the word civilization was used in Germany. The above sense in which the concept culture was for long deployed depicted it as an activity or occupation that entailed a materialist dimension related to the extraction of resources from nature. Coming from Walter Taylor, the modern scientific sense of the word culture no longer refers primarily to the process of cultivation, but more generally as a manifestation of customs, beliefs and forms of government (Kroeber Kluckhohn, 1952: 10). The latter sense signifies some abstraction to the transcendent and divine realm of spiritualism. Over time, the concept was also deployed in other ways that depicted it as an entity (Eagleton, 2006: 1). There was also a sense in which the concept of culture also depicted the transformation that took place in societys experiences with changing technologies of production as capitalism developed, although this understanding was quite often deployed in racist terms to differentiate between less industrialized nations of the non-west from the more ind ustrialized European societies. It is true, as observed by Eagleton that the relationship between nature and culture was such that nature produces culture which changes nature (Eagleton, 2006: 3). In this sense, there is a part of nature that is cultural, and another that is not. The part of nature which is cultural is that part which labor transforms, for example, into works of art, monuments, skyscrapers (or building structures) or cities. Such products of culture are as natural as rural idylls are cultural (Eagleton, 2006: 4). Because culture originally meant cultivation, or managing the growth of crops, which means husbandry, the cultural therefore would imply that which was within ones means to change. As pointed out by Eagleton (2006: 4), the stuff to be altered has its own autonomous existence, which then lends it something of the recalcitrance of nature in much the same way as the extent to which culture transforms nature and also influences the rigorous limits nature imposes on the cultural project. To this extent, I am in agreement with Eagleton (2006: 4-5) that the idea of culture signified a double rejection, of, on the one hand, the representation of culture as an organic (biological) determinism; and, on the other, as an interpretation of culture as an embodiment of autonomous spiritualism. To this extent therefore, culture rebuffs naturalism and idealism founded in biological determinism by insisting that from the point of view of culture, there was also a representation within nature which exceeded and dismantled nature. It also represented a refusal of idealism because even the highest-minded human agency had its humble roots in our biology and natural environment. The resulting contradiction from this rejection of naturalism (emanating from organic determinism) and idealism (as a result of autonomy of spirit) led to a contest between what had actually evolved and what ought to, which transfigured into what Eagleton described as a tension between making and being made, between rationality and spontaneity (Eagleton, 2006: 5). Consequently, although the relation between humans and nature was important to an understanding culture, in this paper, I consider the social relations between humans and nature in the course of extracting from nature, through which humans change nature to be the most important. This is what is central to understanding the concept of culture, which makes it possible to view it as a systematic way of life and living, that humans consciously develop that is transferred from the past to the present and into the future. It depicts some semblance of historically assembled normative values and principles internal to social organizations through which a diversity of relationships are ordered. In this way, it is possible to see how culture becomes an abstraction of itself, in its own right, which does not reify culture as a thing as this essentializes culture. I am inclined to agree with Armstrong (2010: 2) in her definition, which presents culture more as a process of meaning making which i nforms our sense of who we are, how we want to be perceived and how others perceive us. The above said, we also need to recognize that while culture is important, it is also not the only factor that shapes social relations between humans in the course of impacting on nature in ways that change it. Several other social, economic, political, geographical, historical and physical factors come into play. It is necessary to recognize that culture, which embodies as much as it conceals its specific history, politics and economics; is, as also pointed out by Franz Boaz  [4]  , not inert. It is an inherently Boasian conception to view culture as extremely dynamic; as having life, and existing in a continuous state of flux, as new notions of and about culture continues to emerge. This means that cultures cannot be expected to be static and homogenous. As new cultures emerge, tensions are usually generated. The totality of any culture and its individual trait cannot be understood if taken out of its general setting. Likewise, culture cannot also be conceived as controlled by a single set of conditions (Benedict, 1934: xv). It is also Franz Boaz  [5]  who noted that culture is some form of standardized or normative behavior. An individual lives in his/her specific culture, in as much the same way as culture is lived by an individual. Culture has a materiality that makes it manifest in diverse patterns implying that it meaningless to try and generalize or homogenize about cultural patterns (Benedict, 1934: xvi). Thinking of culture as socially constructed networks of meaning that distinguish one group from another implies not only a rejection of social evolution but also an endorsement of cultural relativism, which is also a Boasian tradition.  [6]  Boaz  [7]  rightly argued that perspectives that view culture in evolutionary terms tend to end with the construction of a unified picture of the history of culture and civilization, which is misleading. Tendencies which view culture as a single and homogenous unit, and as an individual historical problem is extremely problematic (Benedict, 1934: xv). I consider the distinctive life-ways of different people as the most basic understanding of the notion of culture. Cultural relativity is a recognition that different people have cultures and life-ways that are distinct from those of others. The notion of civilization: The concept of civilization, like culture, also has a complex etymology. By 1694, the French were already using the verb civiliser, and referred to the polishing of manners, rendering sociable, or becoming urbane as a result of city life (Kroeber Kluckhohn, 1952: 11). The French notion of civilization referred to the achievement of human advancement manifest in certain customs and standards of living. The French considered civilization as the end point of a process of cultivation that took place over centuries (Elliot, 2002). The English lagged behind the French.  [8]  In 1773, Samuel Johnson still excluded civilization from his dictionary, preferring civility, and yet civilization (from the word civilize) captured better the opposite of barbarity than civility. The English subsequently adopted the concept of civilization deriving it from the verb to civilize and associated it with the notion of civilizing others. The 1933 Oxford Dictionary defined civilization as: A developed o r advanced state of human society; a particular stage or type of this (Kroeber Kluckhohn, 1952: 12). By the 18th century, the word civilization in German was associated with the spread by the state of political developments akin to the German state to peoples of other nations. It was somewhat similar to the English verb to civilize (Kroeber Kluckhohn, 1952: 11). For the Germans and English, the concept of civilization invoked an imperial political agenda that was apparent in the way they deployed the concept. The harmony and dis-harmonies in deployment of concepts of culture and civilization: The evolutionary thinking about culture and civilization in the philosophy of Durkheim: Among the scholars who attempted a very rigorous narrative intended to distinguish between culture and civilization was Émile Durkheim, whose writings were first published in 1893. In trying to come to terms with the complex division of labor and associated behavioral changes that occurred with the industrial revolution in England, Durkheim, argued that inside modern industry, jobs were demarcated and extremely specialized, and while each product was a specialty, it entailed the existence of others in form of the labor they input into its production. As society evolved from agriculture to industry, so did culture of the pre-industrial era give way to civilization associated with the conditions of progress in human societies. Durkheim extended the concept of division of labor from Economics to organisms and society, from which its association with culture was derived, arguing that the more specialized an organisms functions were, the more exalted a place it occupied in the animal hierarchy. For Durkheim, the extent of division of labor in society influenced the direction of the development of the evolution of mankind from culture to civilization (Durkheim, 1984: 3). Durkheim used division of labor to make the distinction between culture as a preserve of the pre-modern mediaeval society and civilization as belonging to the modern industrial society. Durkheim argued that all societies are usually held together by social solidarity. In the pre-industrial societies, where social bonds were based on customs and norms, this solidarity was mechanical while in the industrial societies, which were highly individualistic, the solidarity was organic, and social bonds were maintained by contracts which regulated relations between highly individualistic beings. To Durkheim, societies transition from relatively simple pre-modern societies to relatively more complex industrial societies (Durkheim, 1984: 3). Durkheim argued that division of labor influenced the moral constitution of societies by creating moral rules for human conduct that influenced social order in ways that made industrial societies distinct from the pre-industrial ones. It created a civilized, individual man, capable of being interested in everything but attaching himself exclusively to nothing, able to savor everything and understand everything, found the means to combine and epitomize within himself the finest aspects of civilization. For Durkheim, tradition and custom, collectively defined as culture were the basis of distinction of the simpler societies which defined their mechanical form of solidarity that they exhibit. The modern societies, according to Durkheim, were characterized civilization (Durkheim, 1984: 3-4). Durkheim advanced an essentially Darwinian argument. In the biological determinism of Durkheim, it is argued that the shift from mechanical to organic solidarity was comparable to the changes that appeared on the evolutionary scale. Relatively simple organisms showing only minimal degrees of internal differentiation ceded place to more highly differentiated organisms whose functional specialization allowed them to exploit more efficiently the resources of the ecological niche in which they happened to be placed. The more specialized the functions of an organism, the higher its level on the evolutionary scale, and the higher its survival value. In similar ways, the more differentiated a society, the higher its chances to exploit the maximum of available resources, and hence the higher its efficiency in procuring indispensable means of subsistence in a given territory (Durkheim, 1984: xvi). There were fundamental contradictions in the perspectives of Durkheim. If Durkheim denigrated culture to the pre-modern, and viewed society as developing in evolutionary terms to the industrial, it could be assumed that he also believed that the solidarity which was associated with the industrial society was better. What then explains the fact that Durkheim was deeply convinced of and concerned about the pathology of acquisitiveness in modern capitalist society? Durkheim did not believe that the pathological features of the industrial society were caused by an inherent flaw in systems built on organic solidarity. Rather, he thought that the malaise and anomie were caused by transitional difficulties that could be overcome through the emergence of new norms and values in the institutional setting of a new corporate organization of industrial affairs (Durkheim, 1984: xxi). For Durkheim, the flaws in industrial and class relations did not mean that the pre-modern characterized by culture was better. That the class conflicts which were inherent in the industrial society and were associated with the structure of capitalist society would be overcome by the emergence of a new corporate society in which relations between employers and employees were harmonized. Beholden to none of the political and social orientations of his day, Durkheim always attempted to look for a balanced middle way (Durkheim, 1984: xxii). The contemporary play of relationships between culture and civilization has, to say the least, rendered wanting, the ideas which were advanced by Durkheim. For example, if culture is a preserve of the pre-modern, what explains the pervasiveness of barbarism within civilized formations of the industrialized world? Can we have culture in societies that are characterized as civilized or with civilization? Or are societies that are said to possess culture devoid of civilization? The contradictions in the etymology and deployment of concepts of culture and civilization: The usage of culture and civilization in various languages has been confusing. Websters Unabridged Dictionary for English defined both culture and civilization in terms of the other. Culture was a particular state or stage of advancement in civilization. Civilization was called advancement or a state of social culture. In both popular and literary English, they were often treated as near synonyms, though civilization was sometimes restricted to advanced or high cultures (Kroeber Kluckhohn, 1952: 13). As early as the 1950s, there were some writers who were inclined to regard civilization as the culture of urbanized societies characterized by cities. Often, civilization was considered a preserve for literate cultures, for instance, while the Chinese had civilization, the Eskimo were seen as in possession of culture (Kroeber Kluckhohn, 1952: 13). The English language distinction between civilization and culture made in the past was different from that made in the German language. In German, civilization was confined to the material conditions, while the English expression sometimes included psychic, moral, and spiritual phenomena (Kroeber Kluckhohn, 1952: 13). The German Kultur also referred to material civilization, while culture in English over time came to mean something entirely different, which corresponded to the humanities. The German Kultur also related to the arts of savages and barbaric peoples, which were not included in any use of civilization since the term civilization denoted a stage of advancement higher than savagery or barbarism. These stages in advancement in civilization were even popularly known as stages of culture; implying that the word culture was used synonymous with the German Kultur (Kroeber Kluckhohn, 1952: 13). In English, culture was a condition or achievement possessed by society. It was not individual. The English phrase a cultured person did not employ the term in the German sense. There was a sense of non-specificity in the way in which the concept culture (Kultur) was deployed in the German sense (Krober Kluckhorn, 1952: 13). From its etymological roots in rural labor, the word culture was first deployed in reference to civility; then in the 18th century, it became more or less synonymous with civilization, in the sense of a general process of intellectual, spiritual and material progress. In Europe, civilization as an idea was equated to manners and morals. To be civilized included not spitting on the carpet as well as not decapitating ones prisoners of war. The very word implied a dubious correlation between mannerly conduct and ethical behavior, which in England was equated to the word gentleman. As a synonym of civilization, culture belonged to the general spirit of Enlightenment, with its cult of secular, progressive self-development (Eagleton, 2006: 9). Form my reading of the literature on this subject, it was not clear at what point culture and civilization begun to be deployed interchangeably. Suffice to mention, however, that in English, as in French, the word culture was not unconditionally interchangeable with civilization. While it was not entirely clear, between the two concepts of culture and civilization, which predated the other, they both shared a transcendental association with the notion of cultivation, as something which is done to (or changes in) humans in the course of exacting labor upon nature to change it, that leads to the development of human qualities to suit the needs of collective humanity. Culture, which emerged in German from the notion of Kultur, which meant cultivation, appeared as a form of universal subjectivity at work within the particularistic realm of our separate individualities. For Eagleton (2006: 8), it was a view of culture as a component of civilization which was neither dissociated from socie ty nor wholly at one with it. This kind of focus also portrayed an essentially Kantian notion of man as becoming cultivated through art and science, and becoming civilized by attaining a variety of social graces and refinements (or decencies), in which the state had a role to play. This Kantian conception therefore distinguished between being cultivated and being civilized. Being cultivated referred to intrinsic improvement of the person, while being civilized referred to improvements of social interrelations (interpersonal relations), some kind of ethical pedagogy which served to liberate the collective self buried in every individual into a political citizen (Eagleton, 2006: 7; Kroeber Kluckhohn, 1952: 11). There was a sense in which the concept of civilization had an overwhelming French connection (coming from the concept civilizer), in the same way culture was associated with the Germans (from the concept Kultur). To be described as civilized was associated by the French with finesse with regards to social, political, economic and technical aspects life. For the Germans, culture had a more narrowly religious, artistic and intellectual reference. From this point of view, Eagleton (2006: 9) was right when he observed that: (i) civilization was deployed in a manner that played down national differences, while culture highlighted them; and, (ii) the tension between culture and civilization had much to do with the rivalry between Germany and France. I am reminded here of Eagletons famous phrase that: civilization was formulaically French, while culture was stereotypically German (Eagleton, 2006: 10-11). Towards the end of the 19th century civilization and culture were invariably viewed as antonyms. If, however, the description by Eagleton (2006: 9) of French notion of civilization as a form of social refinement is acceptable, then one can also accept Kroeber and Kluckhohn (1952: 14) description of civilization as a process of ennobling (or creating nobility) of humanity through the exercise by society of increased control of the elementary human impulses. This makes civilization a form of politics. In the same light, I also agree with Kroeber and Kluckhohn (1952: 14) that cultures German connections link it with the control of nature through science and art, which means culture embodies technology (including equipment) as well as knowledge systems (including skills) relevant for subduing and employing nature. The implications of the above are two-fold: (a) culture and civilization, can not be looked at as antonyms or binary opposites, in the sense in which evolution theorists would want us to view the relationship between these two concepts with culture as being akin to an inferior status while civilization is ascribed to the superior; (b) both tend to depict not only elements of normativity in advance in life-forms, but also constantly improving internal conditions of the internal elements of these concepts that define humanity which they embody. There is a way in which the elements embodied by these concepts depict superiority in their respective life-forms. Even when there are tendencies for overlaps in the elements depicted by these two concepts, for example, their association with politics, art, technology and urban living, there is a sense in which both concepts cannot be viewed as stages of development one from the other. It appears to me that Eagleton viewed civilization as a value-judgmental concept that pre-supposed an improvement on what went before, to whatever was not only right, but a great deal better than what was (Eagleton, 2006: 10). Eagleton was also non-presumptive when he pointed out that historically, the deployment of the term put it within the lexicon of a pre-industrial European middle class, which used the concept to justify imperial ambitions of mercantile and early industrial European capitalism towards those they categorized as of inferior civilization (Eagleton, 2006: 10). This fact has to be borne in mind if the concept when the concept is deployed today. Culture on the other hand, required certain social conditions that bring men into complex relationships with natural resources. The state becomes a necessity. Cultivation was a matter of the harmonious, all-round development of the personality. Because there was overwhelming recognition that nobody could do this in isolation, this helped to shift culture from its individual to its social meaning. Culture had a social dimension (Eagleton, 2006: 10). Whichever was, between culture and civilization, the progenitor of the other, there is a dual sense in which these concepts appear linked by their enlightenment era roots; and also not linked at the same time. I agree with Eagleton that civilization sounds abstract, alienated, fragmented, mechanistic, utilitarian, in thrall to a crass faith in material progress; while culture seems holistic, organic, sensuous, autotelic and recollective. However, I have reservations with Eagletons postulation of, first, a conflict between culture and civilization, and secondly, presentation of this conflict as a manifestation of a quarrel between tradition and modernity (Eagleton, 2006: 11). One of the greatest exports from the Enlightenment era was its universalism. Post-enlightenment political philosophy contributed significantly to critiques of enlightenments grand unilineal narratives regarding the evolution of universal humanity. We can look at the discourse of culture as a contribution to understanding the diversity inherent in different life-forms with their specific drivers of growth. Increasingly, it had become extremely perilous to relativize non-European cultures, which some thinkers of the time idealized as primitive (Eagleton, 2006: 12). In the 20th century in the primitivist features of modernism, a primitivism which goes hand-in-hand with the growth of modern cultural anthropology emerged, this time in postmodern guise, in form of a romanticizing of popular culture, which now plays the expressive, spontaneous, quasi-utopian role which primitive cultures had played previously (Eagleton, 2006: 12). While todate the concepts civilization and culture continue to be used interchangeably, there is also still a sense in which culture is still deployed almost as the opposite of civility (Eagleton, 2006: 13). It is not uncommon to encounter culture being used in reference to that which is tribal as opposed to the cosmopolitan. Culture continues to be closed to rational criticism; and a way of describing the life-forms of savages rather than a term for the civilized. If we accept the fact that the savages have culture, then the primitives can be depicted as cultured and the civilized as uncultured. In this sense, a reversal means that civilization can also be idealized (Eagleton, 2006: 13). If the imperial Modern states plundered the pre ­-modern ones, for whatever reasons, is it not a statement of both being uncultured and lack of civility, quite antithetical to what one could consider as civilization of the west. What sense doe it therefore make to posture as civilized and yet act in an uncultured manner? Can viewing culture as civilization, on one hand, and civilization as culture, on the other hand, help to resolve the impasse in the contemporary deployment of these concepts? One fact is clear, either way; it has potential to breed postmodern ambiguities of cultural relativism (Eagleton, 2006: 14). Alternatively, if culture is viewed, not as civilization, but as a way of life, it simply becomes an affirmation of sheer existence of life-forms in their pluralities (Eagleton, 2006: 13). Pluralizing the concept of culture comes at a price the idea of culture begins to entertain cultural non-normativities or queer cultures, in the name of diversity of cultural forms. Rather than dissolving discrete identities, it multiplies them rather than hybridization, which as we know, and as Edward Said observed, all cultures are involved in one another; none is single and pure, all are hybrid, heterogeneous, extraordinarily differentiated, and non-monolithic (Eagleton, 2006: 15). Attempts to valorize culture as a representation of particular life-forms associated with civility can also be perilous. There is a post-modern sense in which culture can be considered as an intellectual activity (science, philosophy and scholarship), as well as an imaginative pursuit of such exploits as music, painting and literature. This is the sense in which cultured people are considered to have culture. This sense suggests that science, philosophy, politics and economics can no longer be regarded as creative or imaginative. This also suggests that civilized values are to be found only in fantasy. And this is clearly a caustic comment on social reality. Culture comes to mean learning and the arts, activities confined to a tiny proportion of humanity, and it at once becomes impoverished as a concept (Eagleton, 2006: 16). Concluding Remarks: From the foregoing analyses, it is clear that understanding the relationship between culture and civilization is impossible until we cease to view the world in binaries in which the West (Europe) was constructed as advanced and developed with the non-West perceived as primitive, barbarous and pagan. Historically, the Wests claim of supremacy was always predicated on their provincialization of the non-west, whose behavioral patterns were judged from the experience of the West, and characterized in generalized terms as traditional customs and therefore culture. I agree with Benedict, that the West did all it could to universalize its experience to the rest of the world, even when this experience was different from that of those from the non-west (Benedict, 1934: 5). Assumptions of the mutual exclusivity of culture and civilization in society are premised on perceived irreconcilability of values and beliefs. Religion was always used in the West to posit a generalized provincialism of the non-west. It was the basis of prejudices around which superiority was justified. No ideas or institutions that held in the one were valid in the other. Rather all institutions were seen in opposing terms according as they belonged to one or the other of the very often slightly differentiated religions. In this con

Listening in Lectures Essay -- essays papers

Listening in Lectures Lectures are the main way of communicating knowledge in the classroom setting, so being able to listen well is an essential to success in one’s education. There are many different techniques that once practiced and mastered, can lead to success. The first step to good listening skills in lectures is to be prepared. By reading the chapter being covered, or re-reading notes it is easier to listen. Because the content is not being introduced for the first time, it is easier to comprehend it. Also by avoiding distractions, and picking a seat that is easy to pay attention in, the chances of listening well are increased, even before the teacher begins to speak. (Wells 1) A helpful hint to listening in a lecture is realizing that listening is a lot more than just hearing the words spoken at a lecture. In actuality listening is a cognitive activity that processes and interprets the information heard. There are certain things that a student may be able to say that can help their ability to listen well. By repeating â€Å"I am going to listen†, a student goes into the lecture with an objective, thus helping them stay on task. Also, by repeating the phrase â€Å"I am going to listen because†¦Ã¢â‚¬  is another way to stay on track because it forces the student to have an objective. When an objective is present it is much easier to listen because it is like a goal is obtainable. (Boyd 1) Being an effective listener takes the ability to channel things out. A stu...

Epic of Gilgamesh Essay - Desperate Search for Immortality :: Epic Gilgamesh essays

Desperate Search for Immortality in the Epic of Gilgamesh The search for immortality seems to be an obsession for many men and women all throughout history. In the Epic of Gilgamesh a man investigates the possibility of immortality following the saddening death of his friend, his brother Enkidu. That man, Gilgamesh, feeling the fear of the possibility of his own mortality which was before unrealized before the death of Enkidu, searches for a way to preserve himself.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Is it truly that Gilgamesh searches for a physical immortality or more of a spiritual immortality? Gilgamesh wishes to give the flower of immortality to the elders of the city to rejuvenate them and return the youth to the kingdom of Uruk. This show of selflessness and concern for his people is a sight that might not have been seen a short while before his meeting with Enkidu and his influence on Gilgamesh which changed his view of life. Gilgamesh clearly tries in the end to restore the youth to the elders for the purpose of keeping the memory of not only himself but also Enkidu alive. As long as your culture and relatives survive so do you. Every relative has a piece of you carried along with them.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Why didn’t Gilgamesh just eat the plant and live as an immortal? Perhaps it was because if he were to eat the plant he would become a lonely king who just would become more and more saddened by his people whom he loved die over and over again and only he would remain. His close friend, Enkidu, was gone.   His father warnied him of the loneliness - perhaps this convinced Gilgamesh of his course of action.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Gilgamesh has been through many adventures and he gained wisdom to go along with his god like physical powers. Gilgamesh learns that the greatest type of immortality is the noncorporeal. The worth of a man's life is many times said to be measured by the things he has done and the legacy that he has left behind. After realizing that he was not a god-man, Gilgamesh understood that the real glory is in the deeds you have done and the people you have affected in good ways over your life.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Many ancient peoples had stories with morals to them. The Epic of Gilgamesh clearly promotes the moral feelings of the time.

Cold war: bridging the gap to peace Essay -- essays research papers

Cold War: Bridging the Gap to Peace   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One might argue that the Cold War divided the world which is still present today. It also pulled countries’ ties with other countries further apart. However, these people fail to realize that the main superpowers of the Cold War are closer together than ever before. Both The United States and Russia (former U.S.S.R.) are now working together to limit the number of strategic arms further from what was settled at SALT I and SALT II. There are also numerous other areas where both the United States and Russia have become closer in relations than ever before. This created a stable world peace for the time being.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Arms Race in the Cold War brought about plenty of newly designed weapons capable of massive destruction. By 1969, both the United States and U.S.S.R. have developed over one thousand missiles to be used at their disposal. At the end of the Cold War and the fall of the U.S.S.R., both countries looked for ways to reduce the number of arms to prevent this atrocity from every happening again. In 1979, SALT-II was signed by the two countries but was lost over a quarrel over Afghanistan. What people don’t realize was that the talks resumed and created a new program to further limit the number of ICBMs and other weapons of mass destruction. This program was entitled START (Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty). Besides including the two countries, Soviet satellite countries joined the ...

Patients With Musculoskeletal Disorders Health And Social Care Essay

Jane Doe, a 22-year-old patient with no old medical history, nowadayss to the exigency section with ailment of low back hurting after stealing on a wet floor at work and falling. The patient states that the hurting is changeless hurting and radiates down both legs ( sciatica ) . The MRI shows pulled musculuss and ligaments environing the L4- L5 country. The exigency doctor provides the undermentioned discharge orders: Bed remainder with bathroom privileges for two yearss. Apply ice battalion to take down back for 20 proceedingss several times a twenty-four hours for the first 48 hours, and so get downing twenty-four hours three and on, use a warming tablet for 20 proceedingss on and 20 proceedingss off several times per twenty-four hours for the following several yearss as needed to alleviate hurting. Take 400 milligram of ibuprofen every six hours and 5 milligrams Flexeril ( Flexeril ) t.i.d. After two yearss of bed remainder, sit in chair three times per twenty-four hours for no mo re than 20 proceedingss. Ambulate around place and pace as tolerated, bit by bit increasing activity. Avoid distortion, bending, or making for objects. Avoid raising anything more than 5 lbs of weight for one hebdomad. See physician in one hebdomad for farther rating.Explain the principle for the disposal of ice for 48 hours followed by the application of heat.Explain the principle for the disposal of the isobutylphenyl propionic acid and musculus relaxer.What are the expected patient results for the patient in this instance survey?Case Study 2John Tuliro, a 32-year-old patient, is admitted to the medical-surgical unit after a gunshot lesion of the right lower leg infected with staphylococci was debrided. The patient is diagnosed with osteomyelitis. The patient ‘s right lower leg is warm to touch and dropsical, and the patient states that the appendage has a changeless pulsating hurting that increases with any motion of the leg. The patient ‘s sed rate and leucocyte rate s are elevated. The physician orders the followers for the patient: Admit to medical unit with critical marks every four hours Bed remainder Elevate affected leg on pillows above the degree of the bosom Warm sterile saline soaks for 20 proceedingss t.i.d. with wet-to-dry dressing alteration Levofloxacin ( Levaquin ) 750 milligram IVPB every twenty-four hours Renal profile, CBC with differential in A.M. Regular diet with high-protein addendum shingles Vitamin C 250 milligram Po b.i.d. Meperidine ( Demerol ) 100 milligram Po every four hours Docusate Na ( Colace ) 100 milligram b.i.d.The patient asks the nurse why he has to remain in bed. The nurse should supply what principle for this step?What nursing intercessions should the nurse provide the patient?( Individual )DISCUSS INDIVIDUAL AND LIFESTYLE RISK FACTORS FOR OSTEOPOROSISThe followers are the hazard factors of Osteoporosis: Geneticss – White or Asiatic, Female, Family History, Small Frame – Predisposes to moo bone mass Age – Postmenopause, Advanced Age, Low testosterone in work forces, decreased calcitonin – Hormones ( estrogen, calcitonin, and testosterone ) inhibit bone loss Nutrition – Low Calcium Intake, Low Vitamin D Intake, High Phosphate Intake, Inadequate Calories – Reduces foods needed for bone remodeling Physical Exercise – Sedentary, Lack of Weight Bearing Exercises, Low Weight and Body Mass Index – Boness needs emphasis for bone care Lifestyle Choices – Caffeine, Alcohol, Smoking, Lack of exposure to Sunlight – Reduces osteogenesis in bone remodeling Medicines – Cortocosteroids, antiseizure medicines, Lipo-Hepin, thyroid endocrine – affects calcium soaking up and metamorphosis Comorbidity – Anorexia Nervosa, Hyperthyroidism, Malabsorption Syndrome. Renal Failure – Affects calcium soaking up and metablosim Hormonal fluctuations are one of the grounds for gender differences when it comes to the development of osteoporosis. In adult females, estrogen has a function in relation to osteoporosis, while testosterone, estrogen and other endocrines in work forces besides relate to this. Besides, menopausal period in adult females histories for osteoporosis, low endogenous estrogen degrees increases the hazard. Lifestyle factors such as smoke, imbibing intoxicant and sedentary activities, besides increases the hazard for osteoporosis. Nutritional factors that increase the hazard, includes the undermentioned: day-to-day consumption that is less than 1000 – 1500 milligram of Ca and 400 – 600 International units of Vit. D. Eating high protein diet, imbibing caffeine, Na and P has negative consequence on Ca balance in the organic structure, hence, increasing hazard for osteoporosis. There are certain medicines that can impact bone remodeling, and increase hazard for secondary osteoporosis.DISCUSS THE DIFFERENCES IN MEDICAL MANAGEMENT FOR PRIMARY BONE TUMORS VERSUS METASTATIC BONE DISEASE.Primary bone tumour ‘s end of intervention is to destruct or take the tumour. It is accomplished by surgical exersion, radiation therapy if the tumour is radiosensitive, and chemotherapy. Limb-sparing processs are used to take the tumour and next tissue. Replacement of the affected tissue is really of import. This can be done through the undermentioned: customized prosthetic device, entire joint arthroplasty or bone tissue from the patient ( autoplasty ) or from cadaver giver ( homograft ) . Surgical remotion of the affected portion may necessitate amputation. To forestall metastasis of malignant bone tumour, chemotherapy is started before and continued after surgery, to eliminate micromestatic lesions. Alleviative direction is the intervention for metastatic bone malignant neoplastic disease. Its end is to alleviate hurting and uncomfortableness while advancing quality of life. Structural support and stabilisation is needed to forestall break, as the bone weakens. Contraceptive internal arrested development helps beef up big castanetss with metastatic lesions.DISCUSS CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF PAGET ‘S DISEASE, AND ITS PHARMACOLOGICAL TREATMENT FOR EACH.Paget ‘s disease are ab initio symptomless. The castanetss that are normally involved include the vertebrae, pelvic girdle, braincase, breastbone and proximal terminals of the long castanetss. Diagnosis of this disease is made by studies of bone hurting or malformation, through X ray or by sensing of elevated serum alkaline phosphate degrees found though biochemical testing. The followers are the most common ailments of patients who are enduring from Paget ‘s disease such as hurting. Skeletal malformation, and alteration in skin temperature. Joint disfunction may ensue from harm to gristle and degenerative arthritis. Bone hurting frequently occurs at dark, which is a consequence of increased force per unit area on the periosteum or associated hyperaemia. Other manifestations that can happen include lessened mobility and unsteady pace. Neurological complications can besides happen which is caused by nervus root compaction or nervus entrapment. These constructions are next to pagetic bone near a nervus hiatuss or canal. Common clinical manifestation of Paget ‘s disease is assorted sensorineural and conductive hearing loss. Low back hurting can besides happen because of vertebral organic structure and facet expansions, loss of lumbar hollow-back, dorsal humpback, spinal encroachment and altered pace kineticss. The short term aim in handling Paget ‘s disease is to relieve the associated bone hurting, while the long term aim, is to relieve the patterned advance of the disease. The pharmacologic therapy includes calcitonin, plimamycin, and Ga nitrate, and the biphosphonates. The chief end of this therapy is to command the disease activity, normalize biochemical parametric quantities and to better the symptoms.LIST REHABILITATION AND HEALTH EDUCATION STRATEGIES USED FOR PATIENT WITH LOW BACK PAIN.A comprehensive rehabilitation should include a careful rating for a specific end and interventions based on best grounds are exercising, cognitive behavioural intervention, wellness instruction and others. We should teach the patient to avoid return of the followers: Standing, sitting, lying and raising decently are necessary for a healthy dorsum. Alternate periods of activity with periods of remainder. Avoid prolonged sitting, standing and driving. Change places and remainder at frequent intervals. Avoid presuming tense, cramped places. Sit in a straight-back chair with the articulatio genuss somewhat higher than the hips. Use footrest if necessary. Flatten the hollow back by sitting with the natess tucked under. Pelvic tilt lessenings hollow-back. Avoid articulatio genus and hip extension. When driving a auto, have the place pushed frontward as necessary for comfort. Put a shock absorber in the little of the dorsum for support. When standing for any length of clip, rest one pes on a little stool or platform to alleviate lumbar lurdosis. Avoid weariness, which contributes to spasm of back musculuss. Use good organic structure mechanics when lifting and traveling approximately. Daily exercising is of import in the bar of back jobs. Make prescribed back exercisings twice daily strengthens back, leg, and abdominal musculuss. Walking out-of-doorss is recommended. Reduce weight if necessary lessenings strain on back musculuss.IDENTIFY COMMON FOOT DISORDERS. IDENTIFY THE SPECIFIC STRUCTURE INVOLVED.Common Foot Disorders: Plantar Fascitis – it is a plantar heel hurting, which evolves from the bone ( list goad ) or plantar facia. Morton ‘s Neuroma – It is the annoyance and devolution of the digital nervousnesss in the toes that produces a painful mass near the country of metatarsals. Hallux Disorders: Valgus, Rigidus, and Sprains – Acute hurt to the ligaments and capsule of the MTP articulation. Lateral divergence of the first toe greater than the the normal angle of 15 grades between the tarsus and metatarsus This may take to a painful prominence of the medical facet of the MTP articulation. Degenerative status of the first MTP articulation taking to trouble and stiffness.DISCUSS THE INVOLVEMENT OF VITAMIN D IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF OSTEOMALACIA. IDENTIFY TREATMENT RELATED TO CAUSE.Vitamin D lack is the most common cause of osteomalacia. Essential for Ca and P metamorphosis is Vitamin D, it is the critical elements in mineralization of the bone. The major beginning of Vitamin D is synthesis in the tegument exposed to sunlight. Dietary alteration is needed by eating nutrient rich in Vitamin D, such as fatty fish oils, liver and egg yolks. Vitamin D addendum is besides suggested.Develop A Plan OF CARE FOR AN ASSIGNED PATIENT WITH LOW BACK PAIN.Nursing Interven tion for Low Back Pain: Relieving Pain Advise patient to remain active and avoid bed remainder, in most instances. Keep pillow between flexed articulatio genuss while in side-lying place minimizes strain on dorsum musculuss Apply heat or ice as prescribed. Administer or learn self-administration of hurting medicines and musculus relaxant. Promoting Mobility Encourage ROM of all uninvolved musculus groups. Suggest gradual addition in activities and jumping activities with remainder in semi-fowler ‘s place. Avoid prolonged periods of sitting, standing, or lying down. Promote patient to discourse jobs that may be lending to backache. Promote patient to make order back exercisings. Exercise keeps postural musculuss strong, helps recondition the dorsum and abdominal muscular structure, a and serves as an mercantile establishment for emotional tenseness.Give A TEMPLATE, COMPLETE A DISEASE MAP ON A PATIENT WITH CARPAL TUNNEL SYNDROME.Picture1.pngComplete A THEORETICAL CASE STUDY ON AN ACTUAL CLINICAL PATIENT WITH OSTEOMYELITIS.hypertext transfer protocol: //www.scribd.com/doc/44830270/Osteomyelitis-Case-Study( Web Assignments )USING THE INTERNET, RESEARCH LITERATURE ADDRESSING MANAGEMENT OF OSTEOPOROSIS. IDENTIFY NEW MEDICATIONS ON THE Market TO TREAT THIS DISEASE.Linkss:hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC493281/ hypertext transfer protocol: //www.webmd.com/osteoporosis/news/20100602/fda-approves-prolia-for-high-risk-osteoporosis As the basic aim of forestalling the advancement of osteoporosis to a patient is to minimise bone break, direction of osteoporosis is discussed in this article through many ways changing on the patient ‘s degree of break hazard. Prevention in a non medical therapy was described as holding good nutrition, healthy life style and autumn bar. Exercise and the assistance of vitamin D addendums can really assist in forestalling or decreasing the hazard of osteoporosis. Medical intervention on the other manus comes in many signifiers ; as it is to be administered based on the guidelines for get downing pharmacologic therapy. Medicines for osteoporosis direction are classified in to two, the antiresorptive agents and anabolic agents, both of which moving as agents to cut down break hazard. In the following article, a freshly approved intervention was released and approved for the direction of osteoporosis. Prolia is a biological, lab-induced intervention that is said to hold the ability to demobilize the organic structure bone ‘s breakdown mechanism. It was approved under specified types of interventions though. It can merely be administered to patients of station menopausal phase and has a high hazard of bone break caused by osteoporosis. Or to patients who already had osteoporosis interventions but had failed. Or in conclusion, to patients who ca n't digest other osteoporosis interventions. What this intervention does is to decelerate down the procedure of bone dislocation, doing the patient less susceptible to cram break. In malice of the advantages of the said intervention though, side effects to this intervention besides has its downsides. Most common of which is the patients experiencing back, musculus, and bone strivings. It is through this ground that pat ients with low degrees of Ca were besides prevented to utilize this sort of interventionFind A REASEARCH ARTICLE COMPARING PRIMARY BONE TUMORS TO METASTATIC BONE TUMORS. SUMMARIZE IN TERMS OF MANAGEMENT.hypertext transfer protocol: //www.merckmanuals.com/professional/sec04/ch044/ch044d.html Primary & A ; metastatic bone tumours fundamentally differ from its beginning. As primary tumour are defined as tumours which have started from the bone itself, metastatic tumours, besides known as secondary tumours are defined as tumours which have originated from another parts of the organic structure that had resulted to or affected the bone every bit good. As primary bone tumours are treated the same as with other tumours found in the other parts of the organic structure. Patients besides undergo radiation and chemotherapy every bit good as surgery. For painful vertebral break, Kyphoplasty or vertebraplasty are besides considered as options to relieve hurting. Metastatic bone tumours on the other are treated the same as with primary bone tumours though since it has its beginning from a different country, intervention are to be considered depending on how it will impact the full organic structure of the patient or all of which that is with tumour ( chest, lung, prostate, etc. )